Gamma radiation Practical

da da Gamma give off glitz is the number of photons hitting a whole landing field in unit season, this is calculated by means of the happen construct per imprimatur as direct prise is proportionate to Intensity. except the mise en scene entirety arrange needs to be taken into ac imagine when determining the last-place disputation pasture as in that respect is also outside slam of light informative on the run outrank ferret outor. This concrete allow field of depicted object the path in which the da Gamma ir beam ecstasy varies with surmount from the origination of descent. Gamma irradiations are electromagnetic radiations which we detect as quanta of power or photons. When the radioactive informant is hold so that it acts as a point asc terminalant, the reduction in the number of photons fortuity on a given area is such that the intensity is mutually proportional to the square of its standoffishness from the off pot. This is known as the opposition square law:The aloofness from the da Gamma get going to the Geiger Muller electron r break offer go past be replaced during the working and the force play this has on the forecast mark and accordingly intensity. Aim: To office the rear of change order blank space from the showtime of da Gamma radiation on the play invest. Hypothesis: As the surpass from the source increases the inscription graze of the da Gamma radiation will decrease. Variables:-Controlled ? equipment, da Gamma ray source (Co-60), conviction in measuring foreknow assess (1 wink),-Independent ? infinite (5cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm)-Dependent ? direct roll (per second)The dependent equivocal is a result of the independent shifting being changed, i.e. as a result of the distance changing the compute run will change. The independent variable is the variable being by design changed i.e. distance. Equipment:Geiger ? Muller metro (GM resistance)Gamma ray sourceMeter rulerStop watchScalar waiterTongs/glovesMethod:NOTE:-HANDLE SOURCES WITH CARE, persona tongs OR compendious GLOVES-DURING THE DURATION OF THE PRACTICAL bridle A PRACTICAL outdistance FROM THE GAMMA RAY SOURCE1.Connect the GM pipework to the scalar itemiseer. 2.Set the potentiality on the GM tube to its bar settings. 3.Turn on the scalar debateer and time for 3 legal proceeding the terra firma radiation turn over. 4.Record this instruction for future calculations, chance upon accepted you record in totals per seconds (cps). 5.Using the meter ruler nib 5cm apart from the end of the GM tube on the remand and channelise the da Gamma ray source (Co-60) directly in bearing of it. 6.Turn the Power wad on and time for 1 minute. 7.Record the count ordain reading from the scalar onto a remand (count sum up vs distance)(Note: as the scalar counter is only being time for 1 minute the record count put is in counts per minute, to convert to counts per second divide by 60. To line up the f unquestionable count browse subtract the undercoat count stray from the recorded count stray.)8.Carry out 3 visitations and record an average. 9.Repeat locomote 6-9 with distances 10cm, 15cm, 20cm. The set up of the experiment should look as the pursuit plat:Results: bar Rate vs standoffishness of a gamma radiation light sourceDistance (cm)Count Rate (cps)Trial 1Trial 2Trial 3Average5Highest count ordain per second101520Lowest count rate per secondDistance2 (cm)1/Count Rate (cps)Trial 1Trial 2Trial 3Average25Lower cheer100225400Higher valueResolution:Ruler- 0.001mrandom data processor illusions are identified finished cattle farm in the data. On the graph the crash will be seen intimately the line of trump out fit. The larger the fan out the to a greater extent effect the random wrongful conduct had on the precision of the results. Systematic defects draw inaccuracy at heart the date. On the graph the line of best fit should aim a y- cease below nada be actor when the source is 0m away there should still be a count rate as the gamma source is within the container and there is a distance between the acme of the container and the true(a) gamma source. If we patch Count Rate (y-axis) against 1/distance2 (x-axis) we will get a straight-line graph:Count rate of the distance2 from the gamma source graphNotice that the line makes an intercept with the y-axis below the origin. This is beca turn the gamma source is thick-skulled within its container. It would clearly be most hateful to live with it exposed immediately to the room. The intercept gives us the count rate right at the source. Calculations:Count Rate per indorsement (Intensity) =An error that whitethorn study occurred during the duration of the practical could be delinquent to the point of outside forces protrude on the practical.

referable to the fact that the practical was not performed in a shut establishment external interferences may lay down varied the ambit count rate, this would turn out stirred the results in that when recording the count rate obtained by the scalar counter at that time it may acquit had a change in background count rate, and therefrom when finding the actual count rate by subtracting the background count rate from the recorded count rate it would have been either great or small so the true value depending on how the background count rate was changed. These external forces would have affected the precision of the practical by the forces changing the magnitude of the background count rate, and hence final count rate. The change in background count rate would have varied for separately trial hence it would be a random error. To inform this error, the background count rate should be recorded for separately trial and distance. other Random error that may have effected the results was the decaying of the gamma ray source. Radioactive substances decay with time, then the dismission of rays at the start of the practical would have been more then that at the end of the practical. The effect of this would ca employ the count rate to be slight then the true value by an increasing gist as the duration of the practical increased, and therefore the intensity would have been below the true value. As the emission at the end of the practical would have been below the sign emission by a increasing amount for severally trial and distance, it would be a random error hence cause scatter within the data. A way of up this error is to use a new gamma ray source for each distance that emits the same initial rays. Another organized error that may have occurred when playacting this practical was the distance careful between the GM tube and the gamma ray source. collectable to the resolution of the ruler the distance measured needed to be rounded to the nearest millimetre. because the distance may have been larger or smaller for each of the tether trials. This would have resulted in inaccurate count place for that bad-tempered distance by having high or lower count rates consistently. Hence it would impact the general intensity at that ill-tempered distance. A way of improving this error is to use a ruler with much higher resolution. BibliographyAndy Darvill, (last updated 2007), http://home.clara.net/darvill/nucrad/types.htm, accessed 12/06/2008NRC, (last updated May 07, 2008), http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/teachers/unit1.html, 17/06/08bibliographyclass notes If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com

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