Differences Between Qualitative And Quantitative Research Methods Psychology Essay

Differences Between soft And quantitative interrogation Methods Psychology Es adduceThe send of any erudition is gaining dealledge and choosing the appropriate method acting that allows us to whop the realness is therefore essential1. The chore is to accept as true the mis hold friendship or fault versa. Inductive and deductive methods have distinguishable objectives and could be summarized as theory emergence and theory analysis, respectively. The inductive methods ar generally associated with soft look piece of music deductive method is frequently associated with numerical explore.Health Social scientists using soft approaches now face epistemic and methodological capers that have to do with power and ethics in information generation as sound as out-of-door rigor of these2.The decimal enquiry is champion and moreover(a) in which entropy be self-contained and dissect vicenary variables. qualitative interrogation prevents quantification. qual itative interrogationers strive memoir records of the phenomena that be studied by techniques such as participant thoughtfulness and unstructured interviews3. The fundamental diversion amid the methodologies is that the duodecimal studies the association or relationship amidst quantifiable and qualitative variables consecrates structural and situational contexts4. qualitative question seeks to identify the underlying reputation of veracity, its relations system, its dynamic structure. The numeric explore is to de terminationine the military unit of association or correlativity between variables, generality and objectivity of the results through and through a sample inference to a tribe sample from which all comes. afterwards the theme of the association or correlation seeks, in turn, make causative inferences as to why things happen or non a crabby way.The around obvious differences between the methodologies ar shown in skirt 1 5.6. The fundamentals of d enary methodology female genitals be effectuate in the advantageousness that arises in the jump tertiary of the nineteenth century as a reaction to the empiricism which was attached to collect data without entering any knowledge beyond the country of observation. Some of the scientists this cartridge clip focusing on issues related to health sciences ar Pasteur and Claude Bernard, the latter being the proposed experimentation in medicine1. In the early twentieth century, neo-positivism arises or logical positivism to be one of the most crucial contri scarcelyions to probabilistic inductor. The key is logical positivism and testing hypotheses probabilistically if evaluate and demonstrated in different circumstances from those develop general theories. The statistics accessible three-figure tools to test these hypotheses and to accept or reject a token security7. Thus the scientific method, following an observation generates a assumption and after broadcasts contra sting conclusions arising from that hypothesis testing. The verified repeatedly test an hypothesis does non give an absolute guarantee of generalization because, as Karl Popper points out, not it has no method raise guarantee that the generalization of a hypothesis is valid8. With the showcase of the swans, K. Poppers thesis refuting the generalization neopositivists on assumptions9 all swans were white from Austria no data ar available most the color of swans outside Austria all swans be white . At present there is no method to contain that generalization of a hypothesis is valid, alone one shadower controvert a hypothesis with a shred of evidence against it. That is why science, as noted by K. Popper looking at increasingly better explanationsAdvantages and disadvantages of the methodsThe advantages and disadvantages of qualitative vs. quantitative methods be shown in Table 2 11-13. In general, quantitative methods are really powerful in toll of external validity as a representative sample of the population makes inference to this population from a sample (Figure 1) With a defined security and verity. Therefore a limitation of qualitative methods is their difficulty to generalize. The quantitative investigate to test hypotheses not just eliminates the role of chance to exclude or reject a hypothesis, but to quantify the clinical relevance of a phenomenon by quantity the telling risk reduction, absolute risk reduction and number of patients needed to dainty to prevent one event14. The principal that obviously do qualitative and quantitative search is how are your general particularize ?Today there is a clear predominance of quantitative research in relation to qualitative and we can objectify it in a Medline search to date 20/4/2002 using the keywords quantitative research vs. qualitative research are 11,236 and 1,249 items respectively generating a ratio 11.236/1.249 = 8.99. The select one or opposite methodology may rely on differen t approaches Are looking for the magnitude or nature of the phenomenon?, Is looking for an average or a dynamic structure?, It aims to discover laws or understand human phenomena?. When in the Medline search on the keywords above mentioned add nursing to focus the question in nursing control objectify the ratio of qualitative vs. quantitative items (610 vs. 535) clearly decreases to 1.14 thus showing a significant weight of qualitative research in nursing despite a predominance of the quantitative and still expanding in recent years in this company.The use of both(prenominal)(prenominal) qualitative and quantitative procedures in an investigation would probably financial aid prepare the biases of each method, but the fact that quantitative methodology is the most astray apply is not the product of chance but of the evolution of scientific method along the years. We believe in this sense that quantification increases and facilitates the compression of the being around us an d long before the logical positivists or neopositivists Galileo Galilei argued in this sense rhythm what is measurable and make measurable what is not is .Table 1. Differences between qualitative and quantitative research5.6.Qualitative seekquantitative look intoFocusing on the phenomenology and understandingBased on the probabilistic induction of logical positivismUn simplenessled naturalistic observationMeasuring pervasive and controlled personalObjectiveInferences from their dataInferences beyond the dataExploratory, inductive and descriptive corroborative inferential, deductiveProcess-orientedResult orientedselective information rich and fertileData solid and repeatableNot generalizableGeneralizableHolisticParticularistDynamic reality noneffervescent realityTable 2. Advantages and disadvantages of quantitative versus qualitative methods.Qualitative MethodsQuantitative MethodsPropensity to comunicarse withThe carry subjects11appetite use ofThe study subjects11It merely con sume11 wholly responds11Horizontal colloquy between researcher and researched greater ease and efficacy to study complaisant factors in a natural setting12They are well in terms of indispensable validity, but weak in external validity, which are not generalizable to the populationThey are weak in terms of internal validity, almost never know if they measure what they want to measure, but are strong in external validity, what they ferret out is generalizable to the population13Quantitative train How particularize are the findings?Qualitative ask Are your findings generalizable?Figure 1. Elements of statistical inferenceQuantitative methodology is one that can examine the data in figures, especially in the field of statistics.Quantitative Methods For there is need that fractions of the research problem there is a relationship whose nature is linear. This subject matter that there is clarity between the research components that make up the problem, it is realistic to defin e, limit and know exactly where the problem starts, in which direction to go and what kind of violation between its elements.Quantitative research is widely used in the natural sciences and social, from physics and biology to sociology and journalism.In the social sciencesThe term is often used in contrast to qualitative research.Types of quantitative research editDescriptive research editIt refers to the preparatory phase of scientific cook that allows society the result of observations of the behaviors, features, The factors, Procedures and other variables of phenomena and facts. Such research is not hypothesis explained. uninflected investigation editIt is a more complex procedure with respect to descriptive research, which mainly consists in making the comparison of variables between study groups and control without applying or manipulating variables, studying them as they naturally occur in the groups. It too refers to the proposition hypothesis that the researcher is test o r deny. hgdata- ground Research editIt is a methodological procedure in which a group of unmarrieds or conglomerate, are randomly divided into study groups and ontrol and are study with respect to one factor or as the researcher introduced to study and assess.INTRODUCTIONThe research is a process thorough, careful and positive which seeks to crash problemsEither vacuum knowledge (scientific research) Or ManagementBut in both cases is organized and guarantees the output signal of knowledge or viable alternative solutions.In this test gratuitous to say, our object of study is to establish the differences between the qualitative research and quantitative research., although both are generally part of research science, which is defined as a methodical and systematic process aimed at solving problems or scientific questions, by producing new knowledge, which constitute the solution or resolving to these questions.From this it is possible to spring on the approach that there is c lear If we are trying to scientific research, it is possible to develop two major approaches qualitative and quantitative, in the former means that the amount is part of the quality, as well as given further attention deep into the results and not its generalization, while in the quantitative approach, the important thing is the generalization or universalization of research results.Therefore, an investigation should not speak or to Paradigm Qualitative, Methodology Qualitative or Qualitative Research, as are the qualitative or quantitative approaches to scientific research, and both can be used in one investigation, interacting methodologies.We believe that differences are not present at the type of problem to be investigated, but in terms of the methods and instruments which each applies and the way they cover up the results. We hope that the information gathered here helps to understand the importance of scientific research whatever the paradigm that is used. Finally, the combin ation of both paradigms help carry through optimal results research in the field of health and particularly in that the Nursing..The Group1 .- Qualitative ResearchThe qualitative methodology, as its very name, is aim the description the qualities of a phenomenon. Find a concept that can cover a part of reality. This is not to prove or to measure the degree to which a certain(p) quality is given a certain event, but to discover so many qualities as possible.In qualitative research should discuss in depth understanding rather than accuracy it seeks a deep understanding as possible.The origins of qualitative methods are plant in antiquity but from the nineteenth century with the rise of science social especially the sociology and anthropology This methodology begins to develop gradually.However after the split here and now War World there was a predominance of quantitative methodology with the dominance of functionalist and structuralist perspectives.It is not until the 60s that cut qualitative research methodology emerged as a front-line, mainly in United States and Britain. From this moment, in the academic and fact-finding there are a constant evolution theory and come of qualitative methodology.Among the main features of this methodology includeQualitative research is inductive.It has a holistic perspective, ie considering the phenomenon as a whole.These small studies scale which only represent themselvesIt emphasizes the validity of research through proximity to the empirical reality that provides the methodology.Not usually probe theories or hypothesis. It is primarily a method generate theories and hypoththesis.No rules procedure. The collection method data not trail in advance. The variables are not operationally defined or are prone to measurement.The base is in intuition. The research is nature flexible, evolutionary and recursive. broadly speaking does not allow analysis StatisticalYou can incorporate findings that were not foreseen (Serendip ity)Qualitative researchers involved in research through interaction with the subjects they study, is the measuring instrument.Analyze and understand the subjects and phenomena from the perspective of the last two must wipe off or remove their prejudices and beliefs1.1 .- QUALITATIVE FEATURES OF THE METHODOLOGYThe characteristics of qualitative methodology that we can point to as a synopsis areA first characteristic of these methods has resulted in their Strategy to try to know the facts, processes, structures and people as a whole, and not through the measurement of nigh of its elements. The same dodging already indicates the Employment of procedures giving a character only to observations.The second characteristic is the use of procedures that are less comparable observations in the time and in different cultural circumstances, ie, this method finds less widespread and encompassing(prenominal) to the phenomenology and symbolic interactionism.A third important strategic feature for this work concerns the role of the researcher in their intensive-treatment-with the people involved in the research process to understand.The researcher develops and maintains guidelines and central problems of their work during the research process itself. For this reason, the concepts found in qualitative research in most cases are not operationalized since the beginning of the investigation, ie not defined since the beginning of indicators to be interpreted into account during the research process. This feature points to another debate epistemological, very hot, on the question of objectivity in the social research.2 .- RESEARCH numericalSurge in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, in the process integrating Capitalism and within the Society Western bourgeois. In order to analyze the conflict social and economic fact as Universe complex. godly by the Science Natural and these in physical Newtonian from knowledge of Galileo. With Claude Saint-Simon and Auguste Comte a rises Sociology as Science.Their rationale is based on scientism and Rationalism, As institutionalists epistemological stance. weighed down attachment to the tradition of Science and use of value-neutrality as a meter of objectivity, so the knowledge is grounded in the facts, with little attention subjectivity of individuals.His bureau of reality is partial and fragmented. The expert becomes a authority really.Hurtado and Toro (1998). They say the research Quantitative is a linear, meaning that there is clarity between the elements of the problem, which has definitions, limitations and know exactly where the problem starts, it is also important to know what kind of impact between its elements. 2.1 .- CHARACTERISTICS METHODOLOGY QUANTITATIVEQuantitative methodology is one that allows us to examine the data numerically, especially in the field of Statistics.Quantitative Methods For there is required that elements of the research problem there is a relationship whose personality is linear. This means that there is clarity between the elements of the research problem that make the problem, it is possible to define, limit and know exactly where the problem starts, in which point going and what kind of impact between its elements.The elements consist of a problem, research analogue, are called variables, Ratio between variable and unit observation.Edelmira G. La genus Rosa (1995) says that there should be clarity Quantitative Methodology between elements of research from which starts until it ends, the approach is static data is assigned numerical significance.The approach of the quantitative data are statistical, demonstrates with separate aspects of all, the meaning assigned numbers and make inferencesObjectivity is the only way to achieve knowledgeAnd therefore uses the measurement all-round(prenominal) and controlled, trying to find the certainty of it.The object of study is the unique element Empiricus. She maintains that the relationship exist independen ce between subject and object, since the researcher has a perspective from outside.The theory is the fundamental element Social research, Brings its origin, context and purpose. informative and predicative understanding of reality, under an objective conception, unitary static and reductionist.Linear conception of research through a Strategy deductive.It method suppositious Deductive.2.2. QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONSThe limitations are placed at a number risks distortion, the least of which is certainly not the conversion of the qualitative deformans in quantities previously unnaturally transmuted calculated on ad hoc dataGonzalez Casanova (1975) mentions that the prospect Quantitative and accent mark are related to many other characteristics of the researcher. Overall we can say that analysis Quantitative is typical especially in the social sciences who work with people, binds to Empiricism and the Ideology the process of Social Sciences.Sorokin researcher has indicated the limita tions of quantitative researchQuantitatively disguised subjectivity.Quantitative conjugation groups to study the systems Social.Take one part of system as the independent variable (cause) and all of the quantitative data that can be seen in the research traditional.3 .- Differences between quantitative and qualitative researchThe aim of any science is gaining knowledge and choosing the appropriate method that allows us to know the reality is therefore essential1. The problem is to accept as true the wrong knowledge or vice versa. methods inductive and deductive are objectives different and could be summarized as development theory and theory analysis, respectively. The inductive methods are generally associated with qualitative research while the deductive method is often associated with quantitative research.Social scientists in health Doctors, nurses, health technicians, etc.. Using qualitative approaches now facing problems epistemological and methodological approaches are conc erned with the can and ethics in data generation as well as external validity of these.Quantitative research is one in which data are collected and analyzed quantitative variables.Qualitative research prevents quantification. Qualitative researchers are records Narrative of the phenomena that are studied by techniques as participant observation and interviews unstructured.The fundamental difference between the methodologies is that the quantitative studies the association or relationship between quantifiable and qualitative variables makes structural and situational contexts.Qualitative research seeks to identify the underlying nature of reality, its system of relationships, structure dynamic, While quantitative research tries to determine the strength association or correlation between variables, generalization and objectivity of the results through a sample to make an inference population which shows all relevant. After the study of the association or correlation seeks, in turn, m ake causal inferences as to why things happen or not a particular way.The Employment both procedures quantitative and qualitative research could probably help correct the biases of each method, but the fact that quantitative methodology is the most used is not product accident but the evolution of scientific method over the years. We believe in this sense that quantification increases and facilitates the compression of the innovation around us and long before the logical positivists or neopositivists Galileo Galilei take a firm stand in this sense measure what is measurable and make measurable what is not.Differences between qualitative and quantitative researchQualitative ResearchQuantitative ResearchCentered phenomenology and understandingBased on the induction probabilistic positivism logicalUncontrolled naturalistic observationMeasuring pervasive and controlledSubjectiveObjectiveInferences from their dataInferences beyond the dataExploratory, inductive and descriptiveConfirmat ory inferential, deductiveProcess-orientedResult orientedData rich and deepData solid and repeatableNot generalizableGeneralizableHolisticParticularistDynamic realityStatic realityAdvantages and disadvantages of qualitative methods vs. quantity.Qualitative MethodsQuantitative MethodsPropensity to comunicarse withThe study subjectsProneness use ofThe study subjectsIt merely askOnly respondsHorizontal communication between researcher and researched greater ease and ability to study social factors in a natural settingThey are strong in terms of internal validity, but weak in external validity, which are not generalizable to the populationThey are weak in terms of internal validity, almost never know if they measure what they want to measure, but are strong in external validity, what they find is generalizable to the populationQuantitative ask How particularize are the findings?Qualitative ask Are your findings generalizable?One chiding that often make the quantitative approaches fro m the perspective of qualitative methods is their propensity to use more to communicate with, the study subjects.The argument is that the polls individuals used to leave off them information which is then processed without holding without any sort of event to those who gave rise to the data. It is further said that the situation of interview is as artificial-one scarcely ask the other to respond, it is possible to make very strong questions about the validity of the data thus obtained.In change, Qualitative methods seem to find one of their sources of legitimation primaries that allow communication more horizontal-egalitarian-between the researcher and the subjects investigated. Without denying that some of the qualitative approaches such as depth interviews and life histories enable a more natural subjects, must be considered with more details on the conditions that make such encounters possible. In countries America America, including Cuba, Most studies are make on / socials s ubjects living under some form of subordination of sexual practice (for women), sexual (in the case of sexual minorities, etc.).In many cases it is precisely this condition of subordination which gives rise to its willingingness to collaborate. Authors such as Castro and Bronfman suggest that for more popular we are, access to groups subordinate is given to us by what our status is. This produces a dilemma that challenges the root of the argument made at the beginning of this section, in the sense that qualitative research itself is claimed from his naturalism of his supposed ability to study the social actors in its natural setting.CONCLUSIONSThe research is a rigorous, thorough and systematic which seeks to solve problems, either from lack of knowledge (scientific research) Or ManagementBut in both cases is organized and guarantees the production of knowledge or viable alternative solutions.Research is a methodical and systematic process aimed at solving problems or scientific q uestions, by producing new knowledge, which constitute the solution or repartee to such questions Quantitative research is analyzing the various elements that can be heedful and quantified. All information is obtained based on population samples and the results are extrapolated to the consummate population at a given level of error and cartel level.Qualitative research reports on the credibility of the communication, or concepts, or the benefits offered. Qualitative studies are seen to individual respondent, on the one buy the farm, and on the other hand look at the product, or under investigation and on which reexamine and that is the stimulus generator of certain behaviors among individuals. These observations acquire a character probabilistic, and thence projectable to the universe in a second stage of the investigation that it will be quantitative.Quantitative research uses numbers and statistical methods. Part of individual cases to reach a description general or check h ypothesis causal. It says a quantitative systematic-generalizing.Qualitative research includes approaches by definition, not based on numerical measures. He uses in-depth interviews and analysis materials historical. Use the method of converse and attempts to comprehensively examine an event or unit. They say quality-humanist discourse.From this it is possible to reflect on the approach that there is clear If we are trying to scientific research, two approaches can be developed significant qualitative and quantitative, in the former means that the amount is part of the quality also be given greater attention to the depth of results and not its generalization, while in the quantitative approach, the important thing is the generalization or universalization of research results.Therefore, an investigation should not speak or to Paradigm Qualitative, Qualitative or Qualitative Research Methodology, as are the qualitative or quantitative approaches to scientific research.