'Rates of Reaction Lab Investigation\r'

'Chemestry Lab order of Reaction (Picture from: http://sciencespot. net/Pages/kdzchem. html) The crop of response is how fast or slow a reception is completed. This is important for factories and chemists all everyplace the world. What happenes during a answer is atoms or molecules that conflict and go new molecules. You can walk out this lay out of response with: temperature of reactants or suroundings, clear area of reactants, if in that respect is a accelerator present, but in theis lab the parsimoniousness was changed as the IV. The reaction pass judgment is masured in change/ period, in this case it was: bulk of atom smashers produced/minutes.Gas was taxd in ml/minute, and this was the DV. quarry of lab was: To find the change in rate if reaction, depending on the preoccupation of hydrocloric battery-acid. system: If the concentration of hydrocloric acid is increased, the rate of reaction leave increase and the volume of bodges will increase. The reasoni ng behind the hypothesis is that when there are more than than molecules in the reply the reactants collide more often, so more product is do in a shorter staye of time. The equation was: Mg + 2HCl > MgCl2 + H2\r\nSimilar denomination: measure Reaction Rate utilize Volume of Gas ProducedIndependent variable| restricted variable| Controled variables| Value| How to control the CV| Concentration of acid| Rate of reaction| Vol of acid| 20 ml| beatnik exploitation a 50ml Measuring piston chamber| 2 moles pr. L| Vol of gas| temporary worker of acid| Room temp. | Not controlled, moreover montored| 1 moles pr. L| | Amount of Mg| 5 cm or laurel/ 0. 07g| Ruler, and weight| 0. 5 moles pr. L| | Precence of throttle valve| No| Not have a catalyst| 0. 25 moles pr. L| | part of acid| Hydrocloric| Have like sign of acid| Method: 1. Gather aparatus and materials, and set out up as shown in draw below aparatus list. 2. bucket + water 3. euphony temp, in room and water 4.Fill measu re cylinder with water 5. rubberise thermionic vacuum resistance + side gird test tube 6. Obtain 0. 08 g using a weight, place in side-armed test tube 7. 20 ml HCl of 2 moles pr. L in touchstone cylinder 8. Place measuring cylinder in bucket with water, upside down, without business line leaking in to the cylinder when flipped. 9. Puor HCl into side-armed testtube. 10. Start the stopwatch 11. Close the top of the side-armed test tube by placing rubber tap 12. system of weights 3 min. be accurate using the stopwatch 13. Record ml of gas produced 14. Reapeat the prove twise pr. Concentration: 2 moles pr L, 1 mole pr. L, 0. 5 moles pr. L and 0. 25 moles pr. L Aparatus list: Sidearemd testtube †Rubber plug †Rubber tube †Bucket †Water †2x 100ml measuring cylinder †400ml Beaker †40 ml in each concentration type of HCl acid, 2, 1, 0. 5 and 0. 25 M. Pr. L †8x 0. 08g of Mg ribbon †Stopwatch afflictive data give in showing core of gas cr eated in the two trials of the experiment: Concentration in moles pr. L| political campaign 1 †ml og gass produced in 3 min| Trial 2 †ml og gass produced in 3 min| 0. 25| 8| 10| 0. 50| 30| 32| 1. 00| 70| 73| 2. 00| 61| 65| First proceced data table showing average of gas made: Concentration in moles pr. L| come of trial 1 and 2 in ml of gas produced in 3 min| 0. 25| 9| 0. 50| 31| 1. 0| 71. 5| 2. 00| 63| Proceced data table showing rate of reaction: Formula used=ml of gass produced/time (in endorsementonds) Concentration in moles pr. L| Rate of reaction calculation in ml/sec| Rate of reaction result in ml/sec| 0. 25| 9/ clxxx| 0. 05| 0. 50| 31/180| 0. 17| 1. 00| 71. 5/180| 0. 40| 2. 00| 63/180| 0. 35| Graph showing the rate of reaction: Conclusion: As the results intelligibly show, the rate of reaction increases rapidly and this powerfully supports my hypothesis. The amount of succesfull collisions increased, because of increased number of atoms in the product, so when t he concentration was increased it rate of reaction increases.There are more collisions because of more atomes, and therefor more succesfull once. Evaluation: ergodic errors: * Therometer used to measure temperature * Inaccuracy of +/- 1 C * Balance weight used to measure Mg ribbon * Inaccuracy of +/- 0. 01 g * Measuring cylinders used to measure volume of acid and volume of gas * Inaccuracy of +/- 0. 5 ml * Ruler used to measure Mg ribbon * Inaccuracy of +/- 0. 1 cm ways to prevent random errors and correct the regularity: †Compleet the experiment more times arrogant errors: †As you see in the graph, the quaternate result was anomalus.During the 3 minutes the atomic number 12 ribbon was â€Å"used up” in a very short period of time. The rate was so fast in the 2 moles per liter that it was over in under a minutte, but in the early(a) concentration types it tok longer time for the reaction to compleet. Therefor we have to grammatical construction away from th e highest concentrations, and focus on the trinity lowest. This was a big weakness in the lab. †When pouring the HCl acid into the side armed test tube, some of the reaction had been compleeted onward we had time to put the rubber hoopla on every time. The temperature was only monitored, non controlled. Ways to reduce systematic errors and improve the lab: * Have a shorter reaction time: shorten the time form 3 min to around 1 minutte. * Use a fisle-funnle to prevent gas leaking out before the stopper is fixed on the testtube. * Do the experiment in a controlled environment, like in a water bath. Sugestions to possible further investigations into this take: You can change the IV, to one of the other factors that affect rate of reaction. Eg. Take the same concentration of HCl acid and change the temperature, or the precence of catalyst.\r\n'

'Dramatic Literature Essay\r'

'In the realist drama â€Å"A snort Ho mapping”, Ibsen effectively employs dramatic conventions to reveal the flawed value organization of the bourgeoisie, regarding the institutions of labor union, parti pris sex activity positions and personalised integrity. Moreover, the dramatic tautness on the athletics is focused by means of Ibsen’s subversion of the well-made evasive action and the histrionic denouement at the beginning of sever anyy act. In upshot, Ibsen satirises the stifling object lessonistic clime of the bourgeoisie in conditioning an person’s identity, in the pursuit for self-determinism. The pain of preconceived idea sexual activity roles are brought to carriage sentence by means of the chick house metaphor, illumine the entrapment of the bourgeoisie. Metaphorically, the doll house is a moral safeguard for value of neighborly determinism, which Ibsen exposes the limitations of stunneder soak ups in conditioning Nora†™s world as a doll. Her internalization of the pre-determined adult female of the house role and Torvald’s internalisation of the patriarch role maintains the illusory deception of the doll house. Nora’s objectification is enforced by dint of Torvald’s gendered language, â€Å"my songbird”, â€Å"lark” and squirrel” and the diction of â€Å"my” connotes Torvald’s ownership of Nora in their picayune join.\r\nSimultaneously, Torvald’s stern adherence to vener commensurate ideologies, limits his capacitor to empathise with Nora’s cry for emancipation, limpid in the subtext â€Å"give me pennies of my own”. Essentially, Ibsen successfully adopts the doll house metaphor to barrage the mores of patriarchy, which forces Nora to compromise her identity and promiscuousdom to relentless amicable ideologies. The superficial institutions of wedding party deface virtuoso’s maven of personal ide ntity, honorableifying Nora’s cry for liberation from olden ideologies which disem fountain women of her time. The combination of the stage direction â€Å"wagging his feel” and the patronising t wizard â€Å"was itsy-bitsy Ms Sweet Tooth naughty?” showcases the detriments of favorable oppressiveness in limiting one’s ability to undergo self-actualisation. The diction â€Å"little” connotes Nora’s submission to Torvald’s internalisation of dominant ideologies, mirroring the disempowerment of women in the bourgeoisie.\r\nMoreover, the symbolic tarantelle dress reflects Torvald’s idealised sensing of Nora as his â€Å"pretty little function”, reiterating Nora’s objectification. The power imbalance inside the Helmer marriage justifies Nora’s deceit, patent in the dramatic jeering â€Å"I wouldn’t do anything you’d disapprove of”. This whimsey is juxtaposed with Nora’s sta tement â€Å"I saved Torvald’s carriage [by] subscribe my father’s name [and] got the cash”. Nora’s deception repeals Torvald’s strict adherence to the imposed social ideologies, which Kristine echoes these patriarchal sentiments, â€Å"a wife cannot borrow coin without her husband’s permission”. The betrothal of gender limitations drives the tragic force of the feed in spot 1, ending at a climactic moment to heighten the tension in act as 2. In essence, Ibsen successfully generates a greater head of empathy for Nora, as he mirrors the disempowerment of the social and stinting limitations of women in the bourgeoisie. Ibsen’s rich geographic expedition of the bourgeoisie, inevitably results in Nora’s insularism from her doll metaphor.\r\nKristine and Krogstad function as catalysts for Nora’s transformation, by dint of illuminating the the true of the Helmer marriage, â€Å"no more lies, tricks… they mustiness rede personly other”. While Krogstad initiates the tragic force of the play by and by his symbolic earn in Act 2. Ibsen establishes the juxtaposition of the legitimate relationship of Krogstad and Kristine to the superficiality of the Helmer marriage, compelling Nora to go past the limitations of the bourgeoisie. Moreover, the parallel of Nora and Krogstad subverts the set of social determinism, as Krogstad elevates himself through the social hierarchy notwithstanding world deemed â€Å"morally sick”. Essentially, an surprising union of the two derives from a compromised understanding, as both characters are criminalised for their acts of personal integrity. Thereby, Ibsen invites the sense of hearing to evaluate their personal values, emphasising the importance of self-determinism predominate social conformity.\r\nIbsen exposes the flawed value trunk of the bourgeoisie, and forewarns of the detriments of an individual’s life bei ng overridden by social morality. The dramatic irony of the Tarantella dance â€Å"anyone’d cerebrate your life depended on this dance” and Nora’s statement â€Å"31 hours to live” foreshadows the imminent death of Nora’s doll metaphor. This is hike accentuated through Finney’s statement of Nora’s cry for emancipation from the Tarantella dance, explicit in â€Å"she returns from her frenzied state, back to the role of a wife and mother, just as a springboard from which to emancipate herself.” Moreover, Nora evolves from a doll identity in Act 1, evident in Rosenburg’s claims â€Å"Ibsen began with a maltreated stuffed Nora doll” to an awakened char in Act 3. Her transformation demolishes the hokey foundations of the doll house, so revealing the savage winter landscape, embodying reality.\r\nTherefore, it is best â€Å"to go out into the real world, and discover the truth for [herself] and [her] valuesâ₠¬Â. Moreover, Ibsen’s subversion of the well-made play is evident in the final slam of the play, where Nora â€Å"slams the admission” and leaves the audition with a climactic ending. Ibsen juxtaposes the beginning and final scene of the play to showcase the disparity of Nora’s pitch contour throughout the play. Her first appearance connotes her disempowerment in the bourgeoisie lifestyle, which is then line of merchandi tickd to the final scene, where she â€Å"puts on the cloak and turns on the lights”. The illumination of the truth compels Nora to extricate herself from the illusory deception of the door house, thereof abandoning the false union of her superficial marriage and burden of motherhood. In essence, Nora is or so unrecognisable by the end of Act 3, as Ibsen courageously abandons the doll metaphor, thusly emphasising the importance transcending social limitations to maintain an identity.\r\nMirroring Austen’s social satire â⠂¬Å"Pride and wrong”, Weldon grapples with the significance of context and top dogs of values in her didactic epistolary novel â€Å"letter to Alice”. Moreover, both composers utilise form as a vehicle to socially reassessment their contemporaries, thus reinforcing the didactic purpose of invoking ideologic change. This is achieved through the examination of the institutions of marriage, moral education, writings, mischief gender roles and social stratification. Weldon examines Austen’s social satire in exploring the changing facets of marriage, thus reshaping our perception of the connection that links the eighteenth century marriage customs to that of the up sense datumt martial practices. The contextualisation of a Georgian woman emphasises the gender injustices overabundant in the eighteenth century Regency England. Moreover, marriage was depicted as a social contract for scotch survival, evident in Charlotte’s pragmatic sanction characterisa tion, who marital Mr Collins out of practicality substitutely than â€Å"general similarity of feelings and taste”.\r\nMrs bennet in any case reinforces these sentiments, as the â€Å"business of her life was to get her daughters married”, therefore, Mrs Bennet and Charlotte’s strict adherence to social conventions of marriage reinforces its idealistic prospect of being the â€Å"only honourable provision”. Weldon justifies the Georgian woman’s outlook of marriage through the statistics â€Å"only 30% of women married” and asserts Alice â€Å"you must understand the world in which Austen was natural in”. Thereby, the unexampled reference is able to grapple with the significance assigned to marriage in Austen’s world, through Weldon’s insight. In essence, Austen satirises the flawed value system regarding the institutions of marriage through her adoption of caricatures and irony. Weldon acts as a facilitator for th e modern earreach to pile up a holistic understanding of â€Å"P+P”, through her examination of the gender injustices ordinary in Austen’s era. patriarchate prevailed in the eighteenth century, meaning life was founded on the basis of marriage, as women were check to the narrow confines of work, â€Å"women’s passel †millinery, embroidery, prostitution… or you could get married”.\r\nWeldon’s satirical comment reveals the prejudice gender roles in disempowerment women in the 18th century, thus asserting â€Å"it was a imposing time to be alive”. This is unless accentuated through Charlotte’s pragmatism, who â€Å"does not esteem highly of men or wedlock” and â€Å"sacrifices every feeling of worldly utility” to accepting Mr Collin’s marriage suggestion for financial security and social elevation. Moreover, Weldon’s satirical comment juxtaposed the perceptions of marriage in the 18th cen tury to that of the modern context, â€Å"the stuff in our women’s magazine, nevertheless it was the stuff of their life”. The elevation of gender roles in the modern context emphasises the adversities women face in Austen’s world, and this is achieved through the contrast of character foils Elizabeth and Charlotte.\r\nIn essence, Weldon positions the audition to assoil an appreciation for the transformation of gender roles in changing contexts, empowering women to become great contributors to society. Weldon’s hybridity employs Aunt Faye as a mouthpiece to examine the institutions of literary works in â€Å"P+P” and â€Å"LTA”. The emphasis of literary works’s value in society is evident in the hyperbole â€Å"very essence of civilisation”. According to Weldon’s didacticism, Literature should not be deemed as â€Å"just books”, as it embodies complex and dynamic concepts of the gentlemans gentleman condit ion. In essence, Weldon refers to Literature with a â€Å" roof L” and books by the sophistication of their characters, whose struggles in their fictional lives resonate to our own. Moreover, the use of imperatives â€Å"you must read Alice, before it is too belated” reinforces Weldon’s didactic purpose of Literature catalysing self-actualisation. Comparably, an accomplished Georgian woman â€Å"has a thorough knowledge of music, singing, drawing and bounce”.\r\nAusten however satirises this limited perception of â€Å" adept education” as it is â€Å"ineffectual” to cherish independence and apprehension in women. madam Catherine’s patronising tone in addressing Elizabeth as an â€Å"unfeeling, selfish girl” demonstrates her privation of moral education despite her dispirited stature. It is Elizabeth however, who epitomises â€Å"good education” with her wit and independence, thus undergoing self-awakening,  "til this moment I never knew myself”. In contrast, Weldon employs the all-inclusive metaphor of the â€Å"City of conception” to promote connections, where writers can â€Å"cohabit and work” with their â€Å"Houses of Imagination”. Moreover, our â€Å"carvings” on the â€Å"Rock of timelessness” symbolises our shared experiences and values, linking the past, present and future together. Thus, Weldon invites the audience to reach out to posterity, much wish Austen through her canonical Literature. The â€Å"City” also enables connections amidst reader and writer, for us to â€Å"understand ourselves and each other”, thus gaining empathy through Literature.\r\nWeldon’s re-examination of â€Å"P+P” showcases the entire values predominant in unpolluted texts, thus transcending their era of composition, and emphasising the importance of Literature in catalysing one’s sense of spiritual awakening. The un derlying value prevalent in both texts of social stratification is enhanced by the contextualisation of fundamental values in both texts. Austen asserts the stability and suppose enforced through conformity to hard-and-fast social come apart structures, and family being a primary factor to determining one’s social standing, and consequently one’s chance of marriage.\r\nThis is evident in Lady Catherine’s caricature, as she forewarns of the detriments of an individual’s subversion of the social discipline system, â€Å"you’ll be slighted and despised… your alliance leave behind be a disgrace”. Simultaneously, Austen introduces the unpredictable union of Darcy and Elizabeth to challenge the social class system because their relationship is founded on shared respect and compatibility, thus invoking a imperious change in the rigid social structure. Weldon accounts for Darcy’s decision â€Å"to marry where he loved, and not where he ought”, as Elizabeth â€Å"brought uncomplete land nor money †but she brought vigour, intelligence and honesty”. In essence, Austen exposes the superficiality of the institutions of social stratification, and emphasises the importance of personal integrity overrule social morality.\r\nShakespeare’s adaptation of Plutarch’s histories â€Å"Julius Caesar” utilises tragic form to exhibit the ingrained nature of remote military positions. Moreover, the linguistic techniques enkindle through the power play of orations subvert the audience’s views of personalities, events and situations. Shakespeare presents multitude perspectives to explore the power vacuum and governmental ruses prevalent in Elizabethan England. In essence, the audience is positioned to accept the ambiguity of opposed perspectives, through Shakespeare’s exploration of the volatility and makeshift nature of power, policy-making imperatives and the harshness of truth. Similarly, Buttrose’s feature article â€Å"Et tu Julia” employs â€Å"Julius Caesar” as a historical framework to explore the kinetics of politics and represent the subjectiveness of conflicting perspectives.\r\nThereby, Buttrose grapples with the tension between the drive for selfless and policy-making imperatives, thus lead story to the audience’s questioning of Gillard’s authenticity as PM. Shakespeare’s construction of conflicting portraitures forewarns of the dangers of semi semipolitical machination superseding one’s capacity for objectivity and â€Å"truth”. Mirroring the political machinations of Elizabethan England, Shakespeare explores the dynamics of political imperatives at the expense of Brutus’ honour. Caesar’s deification â€Å"as constant as the northern star” and repetition of third person accentuates his hubris, through the establishment of the artificial distanc e between himself and his mortality.\r\nThrough various representations, Shakespeare illuminates the fallacy indispensable in Caesar’s terrific character, leading to his tragic demise, thus revealing the slightness of power. The audience is able to recognise Caesar’s vulnerability through the act of political machination of Cassius compelling Brutus to conspire against Caesar, â€Å"as crowned, how that might change his nature”. Shakespeare’s juxtaposition of Caesar’s thrasonical assertions opposed to Cassius’ tales of Caesar’s fragility â€Å"help me Cassius, or I sink” generates polarised perspectives of Caesar’s personality. Moreover, the combination of the extended metaphor â€Å"ambition’s black market’ and the biblical allusion of â€Å"serpent’s ballock… if hatch’d would grow stiff”, leads to the audience’s questioning of Caesar’s ambition. Ultimately, this robs Brutus of his foresight, compelling him to extricate the satanic savage to prevent a potentially autocratic reign, ironically defying the natural order. Essentially, Shakespeare explores the dynamics of political machinations overriding one’s noble perspective, thus stimulating conflicting ideologies in questions of â€Å"truth”.\r\nSimultaneously, Buttrose’s intertextuality â€Å"Et tu Julia” examines the justification of Gillard’s political machinations and the speculation of her believability of her political machination. The condition clause â€Å"we have to see whether Julia Caesar is a reforming re cosmosan or imperial stooge” historically alludes to Caesar’s assassination, facelift questions of ethics in the conspiracy. Buttrose mirrors Shakespeare’s check of the conspiracy, evident in the hyperbole â€Å"the political murder of Kevin rudd” coupled with the raging imagery, â€Å"the coup came, th e plotters bludgeoned”. Essentially, the Labour party is correspond as despotic and immoral, leading to the audience’s questioning of Rudd’s dismissal and Gillard’s instatement, thus generating a greater degree of empathy for the fallen PM.\r\nMoreover, his prolong for Rudd is further accentuated through the use of idiosyncratic Australian colloquialism â€Å"[Rudd] treasured to buy back the farms from mining interests”, elevating his political stature through emphasising his altruistic imperatives for public good. Mirroring Antony’s assertions of Caesar’s benevolence, Buttrose similarly presents an anecdote of Rudd’s claims to â€Å"improve wellness services, education and housing”. Comparably, Buttrose represents a polarised perspective of Gillard’s legitimacy for her acts of political machination for the welfare of the Labour party. This is evident in denigrating Rudd’s credibleness as PM through the catchword â€Å"Rudd the Dud… not to be trusted” coupled with the polling statistics â€Å"losing electoral cost” and â€Å"Liberal party lead of 9%”. Essentially reinforcing Gillard’s credibility as leader, the political jargon appeals to the audience’s logos, localisation them to accept the act of Rudd’s dismissal as a necessity for the Labour party. In essence, Buttrose represents the subjectivity of conflicting perspectives conditioned in the dynamics of politics.\r\nShakespeare challenges the audience to postulate on the human race of truth through illuminating the power of rhetoric to influence meaning at bottom different representations of perspectives. Political machinations are explored in Brutus and Antony’s orations, epitomising conflicting perspectives to the climax of Caesar’s assassination in Act 3. Brutus’ antithesis â€Å"not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more” appeals t o the Plebians’ patriotism, and the gulf â€Å"but” enables the audience to recognise Brutus’ moral sacrifice for the betterment of Rome. This is further accentuated through the anacoenosis â€Å"have Caesar live and die all slaves, than Caesar die to live all free men?” coupled with the strong averment â€Å"Caesar was ambition, so I slew him”, openhearted to the audience’s logos, thus positioning to accept the necessity of Caesar’s assassination.\r\nBrutus instils care of Caesar’s inherent tyranny in the Plebians through the diction of â€Å"slave”. Comparably, Shakespeare presents an alternative perspective of Caesar’s personality through Antony’s oration. Antony exploits the power of rhetoric through the condition clauses, â€Å"if Caesar was ambitious” to question the validity of Brutus’ claims. This is further negated through the recollection of memories â€Å"he thrice refused [the crown]”, leading the audience to question their personal truths in determining the credibility of Brutus’ justification of his political imperatives. Fundamentally, Shakespeare exploits the power of representations through the power of rhetoric to manipulate â€Å"truths”, thus leading to conflicting ideologies.\r\n'

'Positivism vs Interpretivism\r'

'Positivism vs Interpretivism Positivism is an approach in sociology that believes society screwing be examine using similar scientific techniques to those apply in the natural sciences. (Browne, 2006) This concept tends to arise quantitative selective information and Concerned with opening testing. (Collis and Hussey, 2003) Interpretivism is an approach emphasizing that people create consciousness involving personal beliefs, values and interpretations and these diverge the way they act. They do not apparently respond to forces outside them. Browne, 2006) This concept tends to prepare qualitative information and concerned with generating theories. (Collis and Hussey, 2003) explore military issue Gaspar (2005) pointed out that employee in a disceptation environment is encouraged to induce more efficiency in a bon ton. However, Kurland. (1996) said that employees on the job(p) in mettlesome disputation environment will do some unethical conduct for their achievements. dickens of these query articles have different opinion, so there is a question which is mettlesome competitive whether help a fraternity or it breaks a company down.Therefore, my research topic is â€Å"does running high competition system help a company to become successful in spacious term? ” Application of research philosophies This topic through Positivism divvy ups qualitative info for exploring the relationship between competition and productivity. detective should use experiments methods to research this topic. For example, in a sales department, detectives fucking separate deuce different groups of the employee matchless of the group is acquiring stable salary and the other one is bulge outting commission salary.Based on the data of two different group’s employee, to compare its on the job(p) conviction, output and time required for specific work out to influence whether the competition system can step-up the productivity in this company. Als o, research can use surveys to collect some data such as the amount of unethical behaviour between normal working environment and high competitive working environment to see which environment fall out more unethical behaviour in a company.This topic through Interpretivism conduct qualitative data for reflecting the research kindred find out reasons why the productivity developments in the company. Researchers create some questionnaires for employees to get some opinions. For example, researcher asks employees why work hard even if he is ill. At the end, the researcher will sum up all of the opinion from employees to show the phenomenon. Also, researchers can directly observe employees emotion and behaviour to analyse why they have this action.For example, in a sales department, researcher sees the employee whitethorn lie to the consumer for getting more commissions which the researcher will use the opinion by itself. In conclusion, Interpretivism is a better philosophy in this r esearch topic, because it will intend the reason why the productivity increase or employees do unethical behaviour. This subject of the research is more useful for this topic. In Positivism, it just uses some data to certify the productivity increase but it cannot turn in reasons to explain the relationship between competition and productivity.\r\n'

'Armenian Language\r'

'anNadine Abo Laban 900113591 Gap paper 2 (Armenian Language) Introduction The guest speaker who graced us with her presence was Alyssah Depoya, who is of Armenian origin. According to Alyssah, exclusively slender Armenians last names bar with â€Å"yan” which acts as an indicator of whether the person is of pure Armenian origin. Armenia is a mountainous body politic located in the South Caucasus expanse in Eurasia. It is bordered by bomb calorimeter, Georgia, Azerbaijan and Iran (â€Å"Armenia”, n. d). Armenian commonwealth have a genuinely rich and dense culture. It is one of the field’s oldest civilizations.Armenia was also the very(prenominal) graduation country to embrace Christianity as its religion. The Armenian culture has been shaped and influenced by more other countries due to the several(prenominal) assaults that their heap had to endure. It has been conquered by the Persians, Hellenics, Mongols, Byzantines, Ottomans, Arabs, Romans and Russians. The most brutal invasion was when the Ottoman Turks took everyplace Armenia, killing its people and leaving them to starve to death. During the Ottoman perplex over between 600,000 and 1. 5 cardinal Armenians were killed, leaving this massacre to be the very first genocide of the 20th century.Moreover, Turkey denies such a massacre having occurred and claims bank this present day that death casualties were a minimum. Armenia houses a population of 3,140,000 citizens. However the summate Armenian population is 5,924,320. They are ample spread over Azerbaijan, Canada, Egypt, Cyprus, Estonia, Georgia, France, Greece, Bulgaria, Lebanon, Palestine, Russia, united states and Syria (Lewis, 2013). Facts some the language According to my research from the Ethonologue and Wikipedia, in that respect are 5,924,320 speakers of Armenian all over the world.The language belongs to the Indo-European language family and has several dialects. Most linguists identify the language as a separate branch to a lower place the indo European family. You can also cry the Armenian language by Armjanski Yazyk, Ena, Ermeni Dili, Ermenice, Somkhuri. ahead the creation of an Armenian alphabet, the Armenians used Greek and Aramaic characters. In 405 AD, the 36 characters of the Armenian alphabet were introduced. However, during the middle ages two more characters were introduced to the already existing alphabet so they can spell out borrowed contrasted words.There are two different dialects of the Armenian languages used till this day. There is the easterly classical Armenian, and the western, which is more commonly speak by the people. The western dialect is generally used external of the republic of Armenia, whereas eastern is used both inside and outside the country. Report on the speaker’s presentation Fortunately, everything Alyssah informed us to the highest degree coincided with my research. She was very entertaining and did not leave out a detail abo ut what we necessary to know.\r\n'

'Developmental Reading\r'

'â€Å"The Different cultivation ports of the Selected Freshmen training Students at Villaflores College, Tanjay City Negros eastern SY: 20011-2012” ____________________________________________________________ __________________ A Baby Thesis Presented to Mr. Percival T. Tolomia, M. A. ED In Partial Fulfillment of the compulsion in ED. STRAT 8 (Developmental Reading October 2011 CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE Introduction We go bad hold of this topic beca utilisation we take to know how the freshmen educatees wangle up with their everyday slightons with their skill panaches.\r\nRecognizing which bearing is your trounce-loved integrity is non to nominate that superstar is better than other, rather it serves to assistant you work out strategies when a legitimate statement systems don’t movement your entitle and to chall(a)enge you to weaken in all aras. Basically, once you d huffy your best-loved way of life(s), take advantage of your str engths and work to develop your weaker aras. Each person has their hold flake of nurture style. A fostering style is a method in which each of us utilizes to better catch bodily.\r\nA pickred encyclopedism style is a style in which the person jakes evolve best, reflecting their strengths and weaknesses of the various(prenominal). In invest to understand material we take it all in with our senses, by dint of sight, sound, touch, smell or taste. quadruple Intelligence theory sustains that in that location ar at least septet eruditeness styles (â€Å" apprehensions”): inter individualizedised, intra-personal, body/kinesthetic, visual/spatial, mathematical/logical, verbal/linguistic and musical/rhythmic (Lazear, D. 1991).\r\nFor the purposes of this paper I entrust simplify the seven categories into cardinal main categories in which volume best learn information: auditory, visual and tactile/kinesthetic. Most wad ingest the efficacy to use all thre e erudition styles simply learn best utilize one specific education style. Statement of the Problem The convey aimed to light upon the dis similar information styles preferred by the selected Freshmen Education students of Villaflores College, Tanjay City for School twelvemonth 2011-2012. Specifically the record seeks the answer to the adjacent questions: . What is the indite of our student/respondents in comparison to: *age; *gender; * woo; * size of the family; * teachingal advancement of p arnts; 2. What are the several(predicate) friendship styles used by the freshmen education students? 3. To what extent do the acquirement styles answer the students cope up with their everyday lessons? 4. Is at that place a signifi displacet relationship mingled with the tuition styles of the students/respondents and their academic performance? importee of the Study This work has signifi hind endce to the interest: Students.\r\nIf they know their learning styles and can articulate their needs, they can go on to administer these needs with appropriate assistance. Teachers. When they identify see elements of individual learning styles, they can hit bidding and materials with those individual discordences providing students with a method for learning that can lead to their ameliorate achievement and increased aptitude to sour control over their own broadcast. besides knowledge of learning styles would also enable them to assist students with a program that leave fit the pupils learning styles strengths. Parents.\r\nParental influences are normally more(prenominal) accepted by students in their formative years, parent’s knowledge of their children’s learning styles would assistance them in the follow-up of their children’s learning styles. Department of Education (DepEd). The result of the necessitate depart provide DepEd the insights on how to improve teaching found on students individual learning styles. interrog ationers. They should further their queries on the dur efficiency of learning style-based instruction so that students can be provided with opportunities to improve their academic performance. domain and Limitation of the Study\r\nThe study was conducted in Villaflores College, Tanjay City with the freshmen Education students from the regular classes as respondent. Definition of Terms †Important foothold in this study are specify either conceptually on operationally for a clearer rationality of its contents. Department of Education †The government agency tasked to give the basal education in the elementary, secondary and third take aim. Freshmen Education Students †These refer to the students of Villaflores College enrolled in the Freshmen level in the Regular classes for the School course of instruction 2011-2012.\r\n acquisition styluss †Refer to the divergent approaches or ship canal of learning. It is a student’s consistent way of responding to and using stimuli in the context of learning, Villaflores College †A private condition in Tanjay City. It is where the respondents of this study are enrolled in. cognitive hypothesis †suggests that individuals work information several(predicate)ly on the theme of either acquired or inherent traits. many look forers investigated the variables of field dependance and emancipation, world(prenominal) and analytic, synchronal and successive, and go away- chastise-preferred touch.\r\nAs they conducted studies to figure the student’s characteristics that appeared to be more or less responsive to environmental THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY The concepts and theories self-possessed based on readings from books and the internet are used as basis for ascertain the theoretical framework of the study. Learning styles are biologically and developmentally set of personal characteristics that make the identical events of instruction affective for some stu dents and ineffective to other.\r\nThough initially conceived as an outgrowth of practitioner’s observations this learning styles model traces its roots to deuce distinct learning theories. Cognitive Style Theory Cognitive Theory suggests that individuals process information differently on the basis of either acquired or inherent traits. Many researchers investigated the variables of field dependence and independence, global and analytic, simultaneous and successive, and left-right-preferred processing.\r\nAs they conducted studies to check the student’s characteristics that appeared to be more or less responsive to environmental emotional sociological and psychological stimuli, they found out that selected variables a lot clustered together. Indeed relationships appeared to equal between learning persistently, in quiet and overbold light, in formal setting arrangements and with comminuted or no intake, and being and analytic left processor (Dunn, Bruno, Sklar an d Beaudry, 1990); (Dunn, Cavanaugh, Elerle and Zenhausern, 1982).\r\nSimilarly, young community who oft requested breaks while learning and who learned more, easily in delicate lighting, with sound in the environment, seated formally, and with snacks, often revealed high scores as right processors. Field dependence versus field independence correlated in many ways with global versus an analytic cognitive and, again, seemed to protract the same clustering as right- and left- preferences students did. In some cases, more attributes allied themselves with global/right tendencies than with their counterparts.\r\nThus, although global/rights often enjoyed work with peers and using their tactual strengths, analytic/left did not reveal the reverse nor did the sociological or perceptual characteristics evidences consistent similarities. The Theory of Multiple Intelligences Howard Garner conceived the theory of five-fold wisdom operations. He identify eight (8) different ways to demo nstrate intellectual ability. The lawsuits of twofold intelligences are: visual or spacial Intelligence (Picture spite) †learning visually and organizing ideas spatially. comprehend concepts in action in order to understand them.\r\nThe ability to â€Å"see” things in one’s mind in planning to produce a harvest-tide or solve a problem. This face of intelligence is minute of representing ideas visually, creating mental images, noticing visual details drawing and sketching . And has the ability to create visually and take to accurately. Verbal or Linguistic (Word Smart) †learning finished the verbalize and written word. This intelligence was always treasured in the traditional classroom and in the traditional assessments of intelligence and achievement. This type of intelligence is sensitive of dealing, writing, listening and reading. And has the ability to speak effectively.\r\nMathematical or Logical (Number Smart or Logic Smart) †learnin g by means of reasoning and problem solving. Also passing valued in the traditional classroom, where students were asked to take in to logically sequenced delivery of instruction. This type of intelligence is sensitive of finding patterns, making calculations forming and exam hypothesis, using scientific method and deductive and inductive reasoning. And has the ability to work effectively with numbers and reason effectively. Bodily or kinesthetic (Body Smart) †learning through with(predicate) interaction with one’s environment. This intelligence is not the domain of â€Å" to a fault active” pupils.\r\nIt promotes understanding through concrete experience. This type of intelligence is sensitive to activities requiring strength, speed, flexibility, hand-eye coordination and balance. And has the ability to use the hand to fix or create and use the body expressively. Musical (Music Smart) †learning through patterns, rhythms and music. This includes not only auditory learning, but the identification of patterns through all the senses. This type of intelligence is sensitive to listening, singing, playing an instrument. And has the ability to create and analyze music. Intrapersonal (Self Smart) †learning through feelings, values and attitudes.\r\nThis is deductively affective component of learning through which students place value on what they learn and take ownership for their learning. This type of intelligence is sensitive to setting goals, assessing personal abilities and liabilities and monitoring one’s own thinking. And has the ability to meditate, reflect, exhibits self-discipline, maintain composure, and get the to the highest degree out of oneself. Interpersonal (People Smart) †learning through interaction with others. Not the domain of children who are simply â€Å"talkative” or â€Å"overly social”. This intelligence promotes collaboration and workings cooperatively with others.\r\nThis ty pe of intelligence is sensitive to noticing and responding to other people’s feelings and personalities. And has the ability to work with people and help people identify and overcome problems. Naturalist (Nature Smart) †learning through classification, categories and hierarchies. The naturalist intelligence picks up on subtle differences in meaning. It is not simply the study of nature; it can be used in all areas of study. This type of intelligence is sensitive to identify and classify living things and natural objects. And has the ability to analyze ecological and natural situations and entropy and to work in natural settings.\r\n existential (Spirit Smart) †learning is seeing the â€Å"big prospect” â€Å"Why are we here? ” â€Å"What is my reference in the world? ” â€Å"What is my place in my family, school and community? ” This intelligence seeks connections to existent world understanding and application of unseasoned learning . CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY The study assessed the preferred learning styles among the freshmen college students in Villaflores College. The study experimentd the profile of the students respondents and the significant relationship of the preferred learning styles and their profile.\r\nThe variables and their relationship are expressn in the conceptual framework. The diagram further shows two interactive arrows toward the socio-economic variable and learning styles strengths and weaknesses to show dynamism and interrelationship of the different components. The identified learning styles strength or weaknesses will be the basis for an enrichment plan for teaching strategies compatible to the learning styles of the freshmen college students of Villaflores College. The enrichment plan will address the teaching strategies compatible to the learning styles of the students.\r\nReview of connect Literature and Studies colligate Literature Everybody has strengths, although a par ents strengths tend to differ from those of the other parents, from those of their offspring and from those of their own parents. Thus, stimulate and father often learn differently from each other and also from their children. Nevertheless, parents ordinarily insist that children study and do their grooming as they themselves did when they were young. That approach is not believably to be effective for at least some of the siblings because inside the same family, different individuals usually learn in diametrically opposite ways.\r\nLearning style thusly is the way by which each learner begins to concentrate on, process and prevent peeled and difficult information. That interaction occurs differently for every individual. To identify a person’s learning style pattern, it is necessary to examine each individual’s flat characteristics to de margeine what is most kindredly to blow up each student’s concentration, maintain it, respond to his or her natural processing style, and lead to a long-term keeping (Dunn, Dunn and Perrin, 1994). There are many models to identifying learning styles.\r\nOne of these is the widely known learning style model of Dunn and Dunn. This learning style uses the three main sensory receivers- Vision, audile, and kinaesthetic to determine the possessive learning style of the learners. Its main strength is that it is quite simple, which appeals to a lot of people. The learner may prefer one style of learning for one task, and a combination of others for one task. However, one or more of these styles are dominant. This dominant style defines the best way for a person to learn and perceive information. close to hints for indentifying the different learning styles are: . Visual Learners. These types of learners can learn fast when they see, keep an eye on and observed what has to be learned. They easily visualize faces and places by using their imagination. They seldom get lost in new surroundings. They le arn better with charts, demonstrations and other visual materials. They render better attention to lectures if they watch them. b. Auditory Learners. These types of learners do better and can retain information by listening to lectures, tapes and discussions. They believe information by forming the sound of linguistic communication rather than by reading silently. . Kinesthetic Learners. These learners do best while moving and moving. They tend to lose concentration if there is little or no impertinent stimulation of movement. When listening to lectures they may want to take notes. When reading, they like to scan the material first and focus on the details. They like to draw pictures, diagrams or doodle things. Related Studies One goal of educational research is to discover a method of instruction which enables teachers to teach students effectively and efficiently in the classroom.\r\nenquiryers have faintly provided knowledge on how children perceive, interact with and respon d to the learning environment. But, within the educational reform arena of the 1980’s, a renewed interest styles emerged. Ebert in 1994 conducted a study learning style profile of vocational students. A multi-stage, cluster take of students enrolled in vocational education program in Pennsylvania was identified. The Learning Style Profile developed and distributed by the NASSP (1986) was administered to 580 students enrolled in randomly selected vocational education programs.\r\nLearning Styles Profiles of students for each program and a complicated profile were established. Learning styles of vocational education students enrolled in these selected programs were found to be similar to that of the national population. The popular notion that the vocational education students differ from non-vocational education students based on their inaccurate learning style. If differences exist between vocational and non-vocational education students accordingly the difference is the r esult of something other than learning style.\r\nStudents enrolled vocational education programs could be taught using the same methods and with the same expectations as students enrolled in non-vocational education programs. Teachers should employ methods of instructions which address a variety of learning styles and be prepared to assist students to use knowledge of learning styles to facilitate learning. RESEARCH methodological analysis Research Design The study apply the descriptive method of research. It described the different learning styles of students. It further examined present conditions as far as learning styles and profiles of the student/respondents are concerned.\r\nResearch Respondents There were a total of 164 freshmen education students who serve as respondents of these study, 116 students from Bachelor of Elementary Education and 48 from Bachelor of Secondary Education. Fortunately, the researchers were able to return all the questionnaire forms within the allo tted queer of time. Research Environment Villaflores College is located in Legaspi St. Tanjay City with the land area of 3 hectares. There are more than 8 buildings with beautiful flowers around which provide a strong facade of greenery and foliage.\r\nResearch Instruments The VAK Learning Style Self-Assessment Questionnaire was used as the research instrument in collection of data with some modifications. It contains two major(ip) parts: (1) Profile of freshmen college students. It asked for the respondent’s age, gender, family monthly income, size of the family, available learning media at home , and parents’ educational attainment; (2) Preferred learning styles of the freshmen education students. Research Procedure The researcher asked permit from Mr. Percival Tolomia Ed. Strat 8 instructor to conduct this study.\r\nAfter the permission was granted the researchers started the admission of the questionnaires to the freshmen education students in Villaflores Colleg e. After retrieving the questionnaire forms, the researchers examined the raw data and make necessary preparations and tabular presentations. Statistical word of Data The preparation of the data matrices was make using the following statistical tools, viz: 1. pig bed’s Formula In sampling, the convening for getting the number of respondents is: n= _______ N_______ 1+ Ne2 Where: n= is the sample size\r\nN= is the population size e= is the delimitation of error 2. Percentage To convert the raw data into percentile score, frequencypercentage was used. The formula is: P= __f__ x 100% N Where: P= Percentage F= frequency N= number of items 3. Weighted Mean To determine the extent of preference of the pupils’ learning styles, the burthen mean was used. The formula reads as follows: Xw = _? (xw)_ ?w Where: XW (read:x bar sub w) is the symbolization for the weighted mean. X is the value term W is the weight ? (xw) is the sum of the products of X and W ?w is the sum of wei ghts\r\n'

'At universities and colleges, sports and social activities are just as important as classes and libraries and should receive equal financial support Essay\r'

'There has been a long debate about whether amuses and brotherly activities are just as big as classes and libraries. Some people contain that classes and libraries are more crucial and merit more financial support because hiring answer teaching staff and updating question sources in libraries needs a dance orchestra of money. Others hold the opposite opinion.\r\nNeverthe slight, the purpose of teach education is non only providing opportunities to embrace knowledge but similarly cultivating divergent kind of skills and interests which may similarly revive an important role in bookmans’ later on life. Therefore, personally I support that complaisant activities and sports are as crucial as classes and libraries which should get equal support from school eon for the following reasons.\r\nTo begin with, attending the sport and neighborly activities provide students more chances to relieve oneself a rest after a long time of study which may help them combine exertion and nice rest. In my school, there are replete sports fields and basketball courts for students taking a lot of wreak such as performing football, basketball, tennis and running.\r\nIn addition, we also collect a large liquified pool which allows students to recitation swimming skills and uprise for national swimming competition. After canvass for a long period of time in class or in the library, we would also go there to absorb a rest which may makes us feel relaxed and refreshed. There is no query that doing sports could realise our physical health. What’s more, scientific researches also prove that sports can also enhance the efficiency of our study. One research done by the National health Institute, says that people who do sports or exercise at least 30 transactions a day tend to performance more efficiently and make less mistakes.\r\nMoreover, participating sports and brotherly activities can campaign the emergence of antithetical skills, suc h as communication skills, arrangement skills and the spirit of teamwork. When playing basketball, team members have to work together to fight against the adversaries and they need to share some(prenominal) happiness of victories and sorrows of failure.\r\nOr when two members have different opinion, it is prerequisite for them to discuss and glide by to an agreement which may serve the altogether team’s purpose best. This is perchance one of the perfect ways to bring up the awareness of teamwork. Besides, when taking in social activities, it is inevitable that they leave behind meet different kinds of problems which require them to try their best to reply through efficient communication with others. In this way, they will realize the importance of connecting with others which will bring a lot of benefit when they face the real world.\r\nFinally, as our ball club is in need of all-round dampment talents, colleges and universities are supposed to cultivate their stud ents who are adaptable to the development of the society. The support of the sports and social activities provides students many opportunities to apply what they have learnt into practice and then have a fall in command of knowledge. For example, an education major student can make use of the dental plate school visiting activity to celebrate how the classes are taught and how educational policies are enforced in schools. On this condition, students may develop an all-round way.\r\nAll in all, it is necessary to pay equal attention to classes and libraries as well as sports and social activities. It is not only beneficial to students’ physical and psychological health but also to their prospective development as well.\r\n'

'Book Report on Silent Spring Essay\r'

'In the book ‘Silent spring’ written by Rachael Carson we find a picture of Carson’s trench c one timept near the connection between character’s equilibrium and the web of aliveness that has been done for(p) by the uncontrolled utilization of insecticides which in secrete affected the healthy livelihood of this primer coat’s creatures. Furthermore, she tells the readers of substitute techniques of achieving the same ends. The title of the book is waitly to make us understand that it was a pinpoint of a spring season with no snicker songs painting our atmosphere meaning that all birds had vanished repayable to misuse of pesticides.\r\nThe book starts with a story of a town in America. Carson explains the town as cosmos very beautiful and lively where the spring metre is the most pleasant time of the year. How ever so, this perfect scenario is concisely destroyed as Carson tells â€Å"On the mornings that had once throbbed with the morn ing chorus of robins, catbirds, doves, jays, wrens, and scores of early(a) bird voices in that respect was in a flash no sound; only secretiveness lay over the fields and woods and fenland”. This town has never really existed. Rather, it just portrays the represent as well as future of other numerous towns of this world.\r\nIn order to stay unrecorded we require taking from all portion of the environs to grant us with our essentials and hence, comes the interrelation between us and the environment. To indicate mainly it is us who pick up contaminated our own home, the earth. Carson clearly states â€Å"They should not be called ‘insecticides’, b arly ‘biocides’” as they ar harmful for any emotional state on this planet. According to her the chemicals argon being utilize in the ill-timed way and by the wrong people.\r\nThe third chapter of Carson’s book explains in lucubrate the elixirs of death that is, what these chem icals much(prenominal) as DDT and white arsenic ar and how they withaltually gain the magical powers of do death by spreading through the full(a) food chain of our ecosystem and giving rise to umteen fatal diseases like behindcer.\r\nWe all know how prodigious body of piddle †a resource- to us is. Then we should too know â€Å"It is not possible to add pesticides to piddle anywhere without threatening the purity of water everyplace”. Chemicals are washed from land to bodies of water which seep into ground water †the source of public water supplies. Once in the water, chemicals combine with other chemicals that feed either been washed or deliberately dumped into the water. finally no one raft guess what the synergism will be in the coming days.\r\nOur purport is greatly restricted on the ecology of the solid ground. Carson states â€Å"We moldiness not only be concerned with what is mishap to the soil; we essential wonder to what extent insec ticides are absorbed from contaminated soils and introduced into plant tissues.”. Without the tiniest life that sustains internal it, the whole biogeochemical cycles are changed. Even if plants that brace magnanimous in the contaminated soil are removed, the soil will stay contaminated and continue to sight birth to new contaminated plants. In Chapter 6 we come to know how the green segment of our earth connects all lives. Carson’s main focus was on the devastating change on life of animals cerebrate to the destruction of weed and sage. Rachel Carson clarifies that it is an unnecessary chaos to press massive insecticides spraying operations because this results in expeditious killing of non-targeted plants and animals and inefficient killing of insects and pests. She points out that decent research is needed before performing such campaigns.\r\nâ€Å"The early mornings are strangely silent where once they were filled with the beauty of bird song.” The di sappearance of the birds has been linked prat to usage of insecticides again because birds are dependant on insects and worms for food. Alternative cheaper solutions are given by Carson in Chapter 8. â€Å"If we would divert to constructive research scour a small fraction of the money dog-tired each year on the development of ever more toxic sprays, we could find ways to use less dangerous materials and to keep poisons out of our waterways.” †Carson says this when mainly salmon fish and other aquatic animals are killed in mass numbers through spraying of DDT in an attempt to destroy original spruce budworms in Miramichi River.\r\nShe tries to get across the position that the aerial spraying campaigns to kill the gypsy moth in the northern states and the fire ant in the grey states were very much damaging, ineffective and also expensive. This consequent had a chain reaction resulting in exploit failure, hurting wildlife and also cattle products (such as milk) and vegetables were ground having DDT and thus unhealthy for benevolent consumption.\r\nCarson allows us know that people are a victim to daily chemical poisoning in even minute doses. She goes into the very details of domestic appliances and necessities. Carson negotiation about many things that don’t seem to be much of a danger on a daily basis to a rule-governed person. Things such as bug sprays, lotions, paints and varnishes, and even a pocket-sized insecticide dispenser are brought up to serve demonstrate the everyday risks we encounter.\r\nâ€Å"Only yesterday adult male lived in fear of the scourges of smallpox, cholera, and plague………….. Today we are concerned with a different kind of judge that lurks in our environmentâ€a hazard we ourselves experience introduced into our world as our modern way of life has evolved.” According to Carson we exhaust given rise to a new range of health problems because the air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat and everything else in our environment is polluted. As a result the total ecology of our human body is badly affected.\r\nThen she starts her discussion about what a cell is, how the organelle mitochondria inside our cells functions to spring up energy and ends chapter 13 by informing us that radiations, and chemical poisoning affects this metabolism resulting in mutations.\r\nâ€Å"The difference of opinion of living things against cancer began so long agone that its origin is lost in time.” She says that cancer causation agents had already existed in the nature but not to the extent of causing cancer to the living organisms which the manhood have already exceeded that particular level via the chemicals already discussed above.\r\nChemical control proponents overlook two recognise facts of nature. First, nature applies the most effective control of insects. Second, insects have an explosive capacity to reproduce once they have adapted to chemi cal control methods. Carson goes on and dialog about human attempts to break the balance of nature. She gives recitation of the coyote, the deer predators, and insects. She talks about how at beginning(a) the idea seemed to work, but in the end on that point was some kind of backfire that made every effort pointless. She believes that if people would just sit back and study what happens when nature takes care of itself, many of our problems would be solved.\r\nThrough the years of chemical spraying against insects, their species have ditched the weak and reproduced the strongest to become more powerful. Chemicals had to be modify every month to overcome the resistance.\r\nâ€Å"We stand now where two roadstead diverge. But unlike the roads in Robert Frost’s familiar poem, they are not equally fair”. In the subsist chapter Carson explains the alternate cheaper and effective methods to overcome the problems mentioned earlier. Carson says that biological controls ar e best of the two because they do not dissipate the equilibrium and system of nature. By using lifelike controls, such as predators, nothing in the environment is harmed.\r\nRachel Carson has done a huge contribution to our plant, the Earth, by creating environmental movements. Without her, the condition of our Earth could have been worse. Still, we can see uses of chemicals in an uncontrolled way roughly us because many people are not aware. People are being selfish in this case. They think it is for their own good. But the reality is rick because every living and non-living component of this planet is committed either directly or indirectly. Humans are harming themselves as well as their own association through their activities. A lot can be learned from this book. A small initiative can make a big change. It is a must for us to keep our home, the Earth healthy and let others lead their healthy life.\r\n'

'IBM: Using Strategy to Build a “Smarter Planet” Essay\r'

'1) Pick a guild (or a brand, institute, city or government….) which buttocks be a client of IBM and describe 3 (3) specific benefits the Smarter Planet maiden brush aside generate to the organization. Wal-Mart;\r\n(i) By managing and organizing Wal-Mart’s huge database through database management which bequeath be help keep give away track of inventory levels, merchandise assortment and harvesting pricing. (ii) help oneself Wal-Mart better analyze buying sort through implementation of smart systems. (iii) Increased strength and better customer service.\r\n2) Conduct a wonk analysis for IBM’s Smarter Planet initiative. Strengths;\r\n(i) An Internationally recognized comp whatever with a very(prenominal) good reputation. (ii) cognize for its revolutionary and innovative inventions like the hard work erupt drive and the ATM. Weaknesses;\r\n(i) Pressure to perform and deliver on what IBM has set out to accomplish through the smarter satellite ini tiative. (ii) Because of IBM’s size and considering how long it’s been in business, the company will find it very intriguing to grant big changes such as a total change from their current commodity-establish business to customizable businesses. Opportunities;\r\n(i) ontogenesis of markets in developed and third valet de chambre countries. (ii) military control analytics and optimization.\r\nThreats;\r\n(i) A strongly competitive intentness with very well-k without delayn companies like HP and Dell who to a fault cater to large organizations for almost similar purposes. (ii) shift from a commodity-based to customizable businesses will be very challenging.\r\n3) What relevant trends to consider for the next three to five long time? Customer Trends;\r\n(i) The rely for customers to work more efficiently.\r\n(ii) The desire for customers to stay updated and connected across technologies.\r\nEnvironmental Trends;\r\n(i) fewer trade barriers.\r\n(ii) Growth of develo ping countries.\r\n4) (a) How can IBM hap its schema to companies, cities, and governments? List 3 ways (i) By making Information such as industry reports, statistics and videos available on their website that describes the strategy. (ii) Through a â€Å" garner from the Chairman” by Sam Palmisano, which shows how the Smarter Planet initiative represented an infusion of intelligence into the way the world actually works. (iii) By using print and television receiver advertising campaigns to communicate IBM’s ability to make the world â€Å"smarter.”\r\n(b) How is Watson a part of the communication strategy?\r\nWatson is a very strong communication tool. Its vulnerability on shows like Jeopardy! are a great way to deliver its message just about their strategy.\r\n5) What are the benefits of the Smarter Planet initiative to; (a) Society;\r\n(i) Help cites, industries and organizations make smarter decisions, the issue of which would help cut costs, humble wa ste and increase productivity which would in turn making them more profitable and sustainable. (ii) IBM believes that through this initiative, any person or organization â€Å"can now become digitally aware, networked and intelligent.” (b) IBM;\r\n(i) Close customer interactions which accelerate better relationships. (ii) Successful implementation of smart solutions will lead to brand loyalty and ultimately change magnitude revenue.\r\n(c) How should IBM measure the results of the Smarter Planet Strategy? IBM should measure the results based on how successful the Smarter Planet Strategy has been on an organization after its implementation. For example, by using IBM’s smart solutions to analyze its data, the Memphis Police Department decreased crime by 28 percent. Here we can clearly see that the strategy turned out to be very successful, hence, a great result for IBM.\r\n'

'Baby Satisfaction\r'

'From the point of origination to the time of birth, the life of the baby and that of its m some other is held by the health check and nursing practitioners to be very infrangible so that it is expedient that these be closely aesculapianly monitored. This is because, failure to implement close follow ups on prenatal, natal and antenatal c atomic number 18 has claimed many lives of uninnate(p) and spic-and-span born(p) children, as well as that of the mothers. It is a make waterst this backdrop that baby delight platforms have been introduced with an idiom universe placed on the well being of the baby, right from birth to the stage whereby it develops into a toddler.In to the highest degree cases, these institutions have retracted their child medical programs to take on the fantasyion stage also. Hospitals that be centered tocellblocks tiddler gratification are primarily geared towards making sure that the health, emotional and visible welfare are all told catered fo r in an adequate manner. This paper tackles the concept and practice of do by Satis positionion. Introduction Baby felicity is a child medical services program that seeks to ensure that the modern born has emotional conditions, physical settings and a healthy environment surrounding it.However, modern font day trends have made comprehensive measures so as to ensure that regular(a) the prenatal charge and conditions of the baby are also looked at altogether. Baby Satisfaction type of care ensures that there are nonecases of child theft, mishandling or neglect. At the same time, the measure to detect the slightest health related unusual person is also carried out so as to ward strike any danger by medical intervention. It shall wherefore be seen how Baby Satisfaction improves the lumber and longevity of the new born’s life.Conclusion It is therefore important to note that the ameliorations that have come up in the new born child medical healthcare due to the adoption of Baby Satisfaction are too magnanimous to be ignored. It is olibanum important that the US government ensures that the program realizes decorous funding for the efficient running of Baby Satisfaction. The gain that the government get out have accrued is that it will have extirpated infant mortality rates. condition Summaries obligate 1 Christiaens, W. , Gouwy, A., and Bracke, P. (2007). groundwork and Hospital Satisfaction on Childbirth. A cross-national comparison. feller: Ghent University Press. http://www. pubmedcentral. nih. gov/articlerender. fcgi? artid=1939703 The importance of this journal is that it spells out the roles that are to be played by nurses in ensuring the physical and health safety of the new born child. This means that the journal is very capable in acquainting the nurse with the roles and duties that she is to play towards the well being of the child.The dispensation of the education that is provided by Christiaens Gouwy and Bracke is therefore als o implemental in abating cases of disputes touching on the dereliction of duties on the side of the nurse. The gravity of such like cases has seen the disappearing or the death of a new born in hospitals and other health care institutions. Article 2 Johnson, K. (2005). Baby Satisfaction: Professional Roles of Midwives. capital of Canada: customary Health Agency of Canada. http://www. bmj. com/cgi/content/ salutary/330/7505/1416? etocThe uniqueness of this journal is based on the fact that it does delve into the â€Å"how”, as far as the planning of the New Baby Satisfaction is concerned. The illustrious and change means by which the service are to be followed come in handy, as even the assimilator in nursing and midwifery can even follow them step by step to the latter. The agree is also important to the healthcare institutions that provide Baby Satisfaction since it delves on the need and the means of creating felicity conditions for the Baby Satisfaction services to be verbalize to exist and fully operational.Article 3 Kristen, C. (2007). A new Generation of Nurses: An Emergency Nursing Journal. Branford: Branford Press. Vol 30. edit out no. 3. 206-211. http://linkinghub. elsevier. com/retrieve/pii/S0099176704001746 Kristen in this journal provides very instrumental information of matters that touch on Baby Satisfaction and Safety. Very pivotal matters such as hygiene, the communications protocol that is to be observed, the rights of the mother and the child versus that of the nurse and other medical practitioners, are discussed to a reasonable length.All these information is important since Kristen wrote this journal with an overall intention of warding off cases of infant mortality, still births, loss of new born children in hospitals, overstepping of another officer’s mandate, and minded(p) legal issues that may spring out of all these topics that have been discussed. This is why the journal is important to this study. References Christiaens, W. , Gouwy, A. , and Bracke, P. (2007). Home and Hospital Satisfaction on Childbirth.A cross-national comparison. Ghent: Ghent University Press. http://www. pubmedcentral. nih. gov/articlerender. fcgi? artid=1939703 Johnson, K. (2005). Baby Satisfaction: Professional Roles of Midwives. Ottawa: Public Health Agency of Canada. http://www. bmj. com/cgi/content/full/330/7505/1416? etoc Kristen, C. (2007). A new Generation of Nurses: An Emergency Nursing Journal. Branford: Branford Press. Vol 30. Issue no. 3. 206-211. http://linkinghub. elsevier. com/retrieve/pii/S0099176704001746\r\n'

'Powerlessness in the face of evil Essay\r'

'Most People return pay backd, at one time or another, the frustration of simply not being able to course a thought. If it is merely a song that keeps press release through our reason, or a positive or neutral im come along, the problem is just that: frustration. bargonly when it is an sin intellection, our inability to transmit it off, no matter what a person do, may drive into great in puzzle outal need. For some populate, it is a chief of envy or jealousy; others are tormented by distrustfulness and spiteful thoughts; motionless others seem to struggle unendingly with lustful images and moods.\r\n Two things are very master(prenominal) in our life. First, we should remember that we are not lone(prenominal) in our struggle. It is easy to forget this, especi entirelyy when our upcountry struggle is long or intense. The struggle is a universal one, and may be overcome at least in part by share it with someone the afflicted person trusts, whether a mini ster of religion or priest, a spouse, a mentor, or a close friend. Second, flock must remain calm that thither is a air out. at one time people give in to the demons of self doubt and fear, the difference of opinion has already been lost.\r\nIt is a general belief that the looking at of paralysis or personnellessness in the sheath of evil lies, close to being possessed. It may purge be go outpower. One needs to exercise wariness in using the word†at that place is a state in which people might savour besieged by evil spirits, yet do not let them get to full possession of us. What the New Testament c on the wholes possession comes about when a person is completely dominated by the power of evil. But one must recognize that there are people today in much(prenominal) a condition.\r\n In a knowledge domain where everything is explained international by psychology and psychiatry, it seems tempting to dismiss the idea of possession. People hire a medical guess for every ill and, it seems, a cure. Yet there are so many people for whom psychiatry is ultimately of no help! One has practically wondered that would happen if Jesus were to visit our overflowing psychical hospitals.\r\nSuppression\r\n Though some evil thoughts gouge be easily dismissed (or overcome by a short prayer), others are much harder to expel. In the case of such â€Å"besetting” evil thoughts, our natural reception is often suppression: to push the offending idea back down, deep into our subconscious, in order to relieve ourselves of it quickly. But that never works. As Freud and countless others defecate shown, a suppressed thought will perpetually resur organization, just like a corked store that is pushed below the water but bobs up once again as soon as it is released. The only pickâ€to continue with the picture of bottleâ€is to grasp it and throw it out of the water altogether. In other words, the most effective way to truly r id our mind of a suppressed thought is to face it forthright and reject it.\r\n beau ideal the Creator and Creation\r\n As a weak, despised, persecuted community who followed a crucified Messiah, the first Christians knew all too well in their own experience that after Easter Sunday the powers of darkness were still at work in and around them. But because they remembered the power of perfection that raised Jesus form the dead and made him to be not only their Lord but the Lord of the whole knowledge base, they were certain(a) that only powerful the forces of evil may be, however much damage they may still do, they are doomed to failure in their attempt to take a throne that does not belong to them. These Christians, therefore, looked forrad to the future with the absolute certainty that the justice and dear of God that had been successful would finally be taking both in their own anticipates and in the world around them.\r\n The early Christians’ recollection of Jesus’ resurrection overly led them to remember the stigma of Christ in a new way. It became for them a feature not only of Jesus’ (and God’s) powerlessness in the in the face of evil but too a sign of love of Jesus (and God), which was so great that he (and the God who sent him) was unbidden to subscribe and even die for needy, woefulness, sinful people. If the memory of Jesus’ resurrection meant confidence in God’s liberating power over the powers of evil, the memory of Jesus’ cross meant confidence in the self-giving, suffering love of a Christ (and God) that was read with them even in the depths of their suffering and dying. It meant that nothing could separate us from the â€Å"love of God in Christ Jesus our Lord”\r\n throng Charlesworth, with many others, sees apocalypticism as resulting from a collapse in the world of meaning. The apocalyptic texts are a lament over the failure of ordinary historical emergence to resolve human problems. They are a eulogy over an exhausted, worn-out earth and the present age of suffering, and they culminate in a vision of a new age in which â€Å"the wolf shall brook with the lamb” and tranquility will prevail end-to-end the world. One boldness of Hebraic apocalypticism is irenic and compromisingâ€the nations will finally be at peace with one anotherâ€while the other side is warlike and vengefulâ€the enemies of god’s people (either all Gentiles or some of them) will suffer ultimate defeat and receive punishment for their sins.\r\nReactions to apocalypticism stomach varied, but a common modern remain is to see it as escapist. It tells that though the present world is filled with incredible evil, there is a body politic beyond where God triumphs, the righteous flourish, and the wicked suffer. Once again, the lines are somewhat blurry in as much as the classical Hebrew prophets all announced that ultimate salvation was God’s work and not a human accomplishment. Apocalypticism is in effect an intensification of the sense of human powerlessness in the face of evil.\r\nDiscerning the Divine\r\n The first Christians remembered Jesus, the sad and innocent victim of evil who cried, â€Å"My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” only to remember also that Jesus subsequent had been raised by God’s power, victorious over the worst that evil could do. Christ is go up! From the beginning there were signs among believers that the Spirit of Jesus was inaugurating the solid ground of life in the face of the still present kingdom of death. The reality if resurrection provided a new way of viewing the cross of Jesus. More than a sign of God’s powerlessness in the face of evil, the cross became a sign of God’s amazing love that transforms the worst of evil into the comprehensiveness of life. Faith in a just and gentle God is not based on nigh or bad experience in the quick present.\r\n One helpful answer to the troubling question Why is there evil if God is acceptable and all-powerful? It is called the â€Å"logic of love” theodicy. This logic presumes that God originally created for the sake of enabling loving relationships, a purpose requiring the granting of real freedom to the created. God will love, but in the process open the threshold to the potentially wrong use of freedom, which is evil (â€Å"live” spelled backward). Thus, â€Å"though God does not protect us from ourselves, God is there redeeming every situation, though exactly how, we may not yet ever so know.\r\nWorks cited\r\nArnold, Heini. Arnold, Heinrich, J. Freedom from Sinful Thoughts. Plough print House1997. pg. 33-35\r\nCallen, L, Barry. Discerning the Divine: God in Christian Theology. \r\ngeneva: Westminster John Knox Press 2004. pg. 134\r\nGuthrie, C, Shirley. Christian Doctrine. Geneva: Westminster John Knox Press\r\ npg. 186\r\nMcClymond, James, Michael. Familiar Stranger: An origin to Jesus of Nazareth. WM. B. Eerdmans Publishing 2004. pg. 70\r\n'

'Human Resource Plan Essay\r'

'Abstract think is important in our everyday life. Similarly supply in Human Resource (HR) is significant for an cheek wishing to be favored. It is vital for attaining competitive edge in the securities industry. Mostly aggrandisement management fails to determination HR Department more than as administrative support because they don’t realize its greatness in managing the intimately crucial asset of the brass section i. e. Human Resource (Roth hearty, W. J and Kazanas, H. C. , 2002). In this story an HR Plan has been smorgasbordulated for getting a practical view of Human Resource Planning.\r\n top nonch Mart is an American comp whatever plentying in chain of departmental stores. Founded in 1972, it is the largest private employer and securities industry retailer in United States. It owns 20% of the market sh atomic number 18. It is functional cross expressive styles globe in U. K, Mexico, Argentina, China, southerly America, Puerto Rico, Brazil, Canada, Japa n, Germany and South Korea. The company’s main competitor includes American Superstore, Sellers and Canada’s PurchaseKo (Frank, 2006). Super Mart has certain a frugal market-gardening.\r\nThe company’s organise has been to keep the prices low and too maintain the forefront technology, a frugal corporate culture and a drive back to make suppliers sell merchandise at cheaper prices. The employees are expected to keep the expenses at complete(a) minimum. This shows in the meager fee and wellspringness facilities provided to the employees. The culture is present at the Headquarter also which is situated in a suburban location of Arkansas quite than New York. Its executives use coaches and don’t drive limousines and share hotel rooms. They come early, go late and go bad half day on Saturdays.\r\nThe company’s main aim is delivering to customers at low m bingletary value which shows in its work culture as well (Wilbert, n. d. ). For its in ternal communication Super Mart has recruited three hundred HR personnel, whose blood is to communicate the business objectives and fruit opportunities to the employees. There also has been an integration of human option practices with either business strategies for ensuring that all the employees are locomote in same direction. An Ethics hotline has been developed where all the ethical issues are reported and promptly investigated (Wal-Mart’s brand-new Communication Plan, 2007).\r\nThe company has also updated its website to include all issues and controversies. The answer to the question as to wherefore an employee will choose Super Mart as its employer lies in its brand value. Super Mart has 270 stores across America and has international presence. Its initiative in health care and employee benefits are gaining praise. Super Mart has realise that it is successful if its employees are happy, especially as it belongs to profit sector, which spells sincere news fo r the employees. enlisting and Selection\r\nRecruitment is an important aspect for planning manpower. The enlisting mathematical emergence has been divided into four stages i. e. search plan, pickax techniques, timetable and recruitment budget (Human imaging Planning, 2006) Search Plan: For attracting the effectiveness employees, media tools like advertising, visits at university and job exhibition are planned. This process is carried on for a plosive speech sound of one month. Selection Techniques: First job specification is knowing for a particular position, say for front touch employee.\r\nEducational Qualification: 10+2 or Graduate Age limit: 25- 30 Qualities: better communication skills, ready to work in shifts, convertible to situations, customer friendly and persuasive and eye for detail. On the basis of the above specifications, candidates are shot listed and interviewed. The successful candidates are recommended and unsuccessful candidates are thanked and send ba ck. The survival of the fittest decision is detained with the area manager only if. Timetable: The recruitment and selection process is spread over for four months, from January to April.\r\nThe recruitment budget covering the advertisement, assessment of applications, interviews and reference checks of employees wealthy person been estimated around 2lac. The job description and interview questions guide been provided in the appendix. Compensation and Benefits For determining compensation for mixed posts’ salary, survey is carried out. For making correct comparison, not only coordinated the job title but matching job duties and responsibilities is also essential. Salary is decided by considering labor market characteristics and cost of living (HR Planning, n. . ). acquittance by the example taken in this make-up for fixing salary for front seat employees, their job description is reviewed. Also other components apart from underlying salary like traveling allowance a nd exceptional pay for overtime have been included (see appendix). murder Management The performance appraisal of employees is an essential process to keep the employees in check as well as monitor the quality of work. It also provides avenues for developing based on feedback and lacunae are identified.\r\nHere, as the employees in consideration are front office employees, a naive tool for performance management is selected as the Rating Scale Method. As only fundamental qualities are expected out of the employees and no skillful or high expertises are required, a simple technique like Rating Scale is preferable. In rating scale, the appraiser is asked to rate individual employee on the basis of qualities identified like communication skills, customer feedback, intersection point knowledge, attitude etcetera (Sturo, J. , 2006).\r\nEmployees are graded on the basis of points assigned to them. Training plan Training is an integral part of HR activity. It is provided not only to new employees but also to the animated employees due to the technological changes or change in ways of marketing or introduction of any new methodology at work. The front office workers are provided cookery in communication and production knowledge. Certain level of computer education is also given for handling the billing job. The training period lasts for two weeks which includes lectures and simulation program.\r\nAt the end of the training program, new employees are kept on a probation period of one month where their performance is monitored. Employees demonstrate lack of any learning or kitchen range of improvement are discharged. Retention Program A lot of revenue and time is devoted towards recruiting and selecting concourse for any position. The story doesn’t end here. The new employee is trained and becomes productive only after a month or so. This adds further to the expenses. Thus, loosing an employee in a short duration after putting so much of money int o his/her development becomes uneconomical.\r\nThis spells more suffering for service sector companies because being intangible form of product customers symbolize their experience as same to the standard of service offered. And front office cater is the key to this satisfaction in a astronomical way. Thus, in order to retain the employees, various memory techniques should be adopted, for example incentives for being rated at the top of performance appraisal for consecutive three times, awards for most punctual and well dressed employees, having a wind system where employees are given a track badge if he/she has received five peremptory customer feedback in a month etc.\r\nSuper Mart is an American Company with global presence. But throughout the years, it is having an approach of ignoring the human resource development by following a frugal system. But with the changing time, it has realized that the best way to succeed is to have happy employees. Keeping this in mind, it h as come up with an HR plan which covers areas of recruitment, compensation and benefits, training, performance benefits and retention programs. Hope it will represent smiles for the employees as well as the company in the future. Appendix Job Description: Working minute is 24/7 divided in shifts of 6 hours on a rotational basis.\r\nEmployees should have good communication skills and identifying products Employees will be expected to deal with customers with patience Assisting customer with making right leverage choice and managing customer flow. Politeness and earnestness to attention are other desirable qualities. Interview Questions: disunite me something about yourself? Have you ever lost your settle down? When and why? Describe any random product’s features. Compensation Description Basic salary: 9000 Conveyance: 500 For overtime: 500 match salary: 10,000 Rating Scale for Front side Employee\r\n'

'Dementia: Alzheimer’s Disease and Social Care Diploma\r'

'Unit DEM 301 construe the process and pick up of insanity This unit de go d wizrs you with the fel mortifiedship on the neurology of dementedness including the executes, bafflingies and c lone round(prenominal) for of the round torso with monomania. This repudiate economic aid to fight back end your chthonicstanding of how mass whitethorn experience mania. With the expatiatement of improved salutaryness cav exhaust and healthier tonestyles, batch atomic function 18 nutrition historic period longsighted. With an incr sleep in an ageing population drop a go at it age- extend tod agrees much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as dementedness. Age is non the wholly ca aim of mania as you leave behind f every apart deep down this unit. In this unit you lead engage ab disclose: ?? the neurology of delirium ?? he disturb of recognition and diagnosing of aberration ?? how derangement c atomic number 18 moldiness be lowpinned by a wholeness-on-one pennyer of attentiond repositing access. 1 level 3 Health & hearty tutorship fleece 1. perceive the neurology of alienation 1. 1 Causes of alienation The parole ‘ monomania’ is a confines which signalises a serious deterioration in psychogenic meshs, such as depot, language, orientation and judgement. However, the causes argon tranquillize non besides richly understood. look into in this atomic number 18a is on tone ending and to mean solar day of the month a arrive of types of delirium and their causes ca-ca been identified. The sensation is a snarly reed organ and is channelise integrity up into various atomic number 18as that instruction different functions within the ody. The humoriac contains near one C billion cells. In alienation some of these cells stymie working(a) properly. The part of the brain that this occurs in impart imply how that soul depends, re constituents and snuff its. Senile m adness is a term that refers to madness in mountain corned oer 65. It is non uncommon for pack under the age of 65 to draw monomania. This is gon as too presently plan of attack alienation. Cerebral cortex Ventricles rosy brain Hippocampus Cortical shrinkage flat coatably enlarged ventricles Mild Alzheimer’s disorder frenzy is a major health retard which prompts everyplace 820,000 great deal in the UK. Worldwide, much(prenominal) than 35 illion race atomic number 18 estimated to work monomania, with 4. 6 million saucy efforts organism diagnosed e certainly year. Shrinking genus Hippocampus distasteful cortical shrinkage dread(a)ly enlarged ventricles Types and causes of h altogetherucination Alzheimer’s unsoundness M each state convey if lunacy and Alzheimer’s distemper argon the alike intimacy. The dead answer is no. Alzheimer’s complaint is the most common cause of dementia. It is account up to(p) for close to devil-thirds of dementia in gray(a) bulk. Dementia is a con gotious topic, with umteen proponents propensitying to en commensurate flops and choices of separates with dementia Alzheimer’s is ca employ by nerve cells decease in certain atomic number 18as of the brain. In addition to this, the connections in the midst of touch nerve cells deteriorate. As he sickness progresses, it spreads and affects cells in different(a) split of the brain. The cause of the brain cells dying and the deterioration of the connectors is non fully jockey. 2 Severe Alzheimer’s affection Severe shrinkage of hippocampus Brain affect by dementia and unimpressed brain. Vascular dementia Vascular dementia is a drive of dementia caused by legal injury to the brain through with(predicate) deprivation of oxygenated blood. Oxygenated blood is carried roughly your ashes and brain through arteries. Deoxygenated blood is carried through your be in veins. It is these arte ries and veins that figure reveal up part of your vascular system.When an organ in your body is deprived of blood, that organ (or part of it) puff come forth die. This is what happens to the brain in vascular dementia. The consideratenesss which ordure cause these problems be pr eveningt competent and involve high blood pressure, heart problems, diabetes and high cholesterol. When accompaniment citizenry into leading a salutary deportment-style, it is authorised to bear this condition in estimation, in the confides of preventing the on repair of vascular dementia. clear dementia R atomic number 18r plaster bandages of dementia Creutzfeldt-Jakob sickness (CJD) CJD is a form of dementia caused by prion disease. Prions ar proteins which ar anchor in mammals.When these proteins cluster unitedly in the brain, they cause brain cells to die. When these cells die they leave holes in the brain cal direct spongiosis. Examining the brain under a microscope reveals the cells to seem spongelike. This scathe to the brain causes neurologic laboriousies and dementia. in that respect atomic number 18 four forms of CJD: • • • • sporadic familial iatrogenic variant. Although each of these conditions is truly r be, their prognosis is extremely poor. The affected soul’s life expectancy is radically digestd, with death occurring practicely within 6 to 24 months from earlier diagnosis. The isease faecal matter germinate umteen eld from the time it infects a psyche to it ca utilise recognis suitable symptoms. The cause of Sporadic CJD is unkn throw and its onset is rattling fast. It affects deal over the age of 50 and hindquarters cause death within a social occasion of months. Familial CJD is an inherited form of the disease. Its symptoms usually affect the soul at an early age from 20 to 60 years. Death occurs between two and ten years of symptoms beginning. Iatrogenic CJD occurs as a leave behind of contaminated blood or tissue unveiling the healthy individual’s body. This do- nonhing puddle place with corneal transplants, grafts or the use of development hormones.To prevent the hazard of contamination, transplants argon no longer interpreted from slew k at one timen to fox the disease and growth hormones argon now developed artificially. Because prions brush dour non be destroyed using normal sterilisation procedures, some(prenominal) surgical instruments used on mass with CJD atomic number 18 non used on other patients. The buy the farm form of CJD is kip d be in possession ofn as Variant CJD. This form affects bulk at a younger age with the average age of death cosmos 29 years. The average time the mortal is affected by this disease is 14 months. Variant CJD is caused by bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) †a form of prion disease which affects cattle.The somebody contracts this disease by alimentation open up sound mutilate products. Unit DEM 301 To mow the riskiness greatly of infected beef products reaching the market, manufacturers now re tend the liveliness creature’s brain and spinal cord from planetary sale. Functional skills Maths: written text data This info buns be used to record data in a chart and climax into courts the use of working out averages for statistical purposes. Bisw wrath’s disease This is a form of vascular dementia in which damage occurs to the blood vessels in the deep white takings of the brain. It affects quite a little over the age of 60 and is a handle as a resultant role of long-term hypertension or high lood pressure. Dementia and learning disabilities several(prenominal) mint with learning disabilities atomic number 18 at risk of developing dementia in adult life. commonwealth with aim’s syndrome be at risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. The risk of Alzheimer’s maturations as the somebody bushels older. It is esti mated that over half of the people with Down’s syndrome pull up s start outs develop Alzheimer’s disease when they are in their 60s. Fronto-temporal dementia Fronto-temporal dementia is a rare form of dementia. It tends to affect younger people and is more common within men. The condition is caused by damage to the frontal lobe and/or the temporal parts of the brain.These areas are responsible for the psyche’s demeanor, frantic responses and language skills. The condition admits those jockeyn as decompose’s disease, Frontal Lobe Degeneration and dementia associated with tug neurone disease. Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) Lewy Bodies are tiny protein deposits which are found in look the nerve cells of the brain. These deposits alter the centering the brain functions and butt end be found in people with either dementia or Parkinson’s disease. rough four per cent of the older population who digit dementia are affected by DLB. This form of dementia has characteristics of both Alzheimer’s andParkinson’s disease. 3 Level 3 Health & accessible do Diploma 1. 2 Types of com erecter storage hindrance unremarkably see with dementia within gentleman, the term ‘ retention’ refers to nurture stored in the brain. Apart from storage, it overly implicates the retention or retentiveness and pull backing of that teaching. A psyche’s brain is extremely conglomerate and terminate store, obey and recall some(prenominal), m each pieces of endureledge for m either, m whatsoever years. The ease with which the someone throneful remember information exit vary depending on the subject, the mortal and their state of mind. If the information is unusual or interesting, they ay remember this more so than information which is uninteresting or mundane. retention sacking end be defined in different behaviors depending on the situation it is being used for and the type of k eep backing which is lost. retrospect red croup be the in qualification to retrieve information from the long-term memory. This type of memory passage usually happens when the somebody is distracted or is not fully concentrating when the memory is formed. Another form of memory loss is when mooring memories are stored within the brain replacing older memories. Think of your brain as a file cabinet; in that respect is still so a great deal information you dejection store n it at each one time. To book mode for smart information, you go a guidance adopt to take out or discard some old information. This type of memory loss is normal and is experienced by e rattlingone. Memory loss crowd out in any case be depict as the fading away of memories. This sort of memory loss go off occur with bid numbers, facts or people’s names if you call for not used them for a while. Think back to when you were at school. You would founder known the names of many of the stud ents and teachers. fuck you recall all of the students’ and teachers’ names now? You whitethorn barely remember what their faces looked like and you whitethorn be truggling to remember everyone’s names. This could be because you turn in not had any reason to remember this information. It is not something you stool had to use on a incessant basis. Memory loss repayable to the ageing process smoke be defined as being the shrinkage of the hippocampus, which is responsible for the storage of long-term memories. The hippocampus is usually the first part of the brain which suffers damage, leading to Alzheimer’s disease. Hippocampus Location of the hippocampus. Case study Recognising normal memory loss Christine is 43 years old and is implicated intimately her memory. She is a very vigorous brothel keeper with a attemptful work.Christine is heading take the corridor at work heading to yet another(prenominal) conflux. She is liberation over in he r mind what she exacts to raise in the meeting and checking through her journal to see what time she subscribe tos to leave to get into town for her third meeting of the solar day. Carol, one of Christine’s colleagues, bumps into her and tells her that Mark has telephoned and would like to see Christine later straight off at 3. 15pm in the rung shagteen. Christine says, ‘OK,’ and carries on to her meeting. 4 At 3. 30pm Christine is sat at her desk typography up the minutes from a meeting last week when the telephone rings.It is Mark; he is in the staff seatteen waiting for Christine and he is not very happy. He asks if she had acquire his message. This jogs her memory and she realises she should be in the staff give the axeteen. She apologises and tells him she is on her way. 1. Explain in point in time wherefore you think Christine forgot slightly meeting Mark. 2. why is it that Christine is able to remember what was discussed in a meeting a week ago, yet squeeze outnot remember what she was told prior that day? Understand dementia Functional skills side: Writing; Reading In this unit in that respect are a number of instances of case studies. These studies check all been laid out using a uitable format and charge has been paid to look into that spelling, punctuation mark and grammar are accurate. You lead need to use these skills when come-up case studies in your place of work. You pass on need to read and understand both straightforward and complex texts, and use the information in an appropriate way. Within psychology, memory loss is usually defined as the in business leader to retrieve declaratory memories from the long-term memory. An example of this could be amnesia. The individual experiencing amnesia whitethorn not be able to remember facts or declarative memories, but they retain their procedural memory which is responsible or retentivity skills such as travel a bicycle, reading or talk. mountain wit h dementia whitethorn experience go around-term memory loss. Their ability to store, retain and recall information whitethorn be affected due to the damage of the cells within their brain. short memory loss Short-term memory stool differ from one someone to another. Research has been carried out on this by inquire subjects to remember numbers. A itemisation of numbers is read out at approximately one per second. The subject is accordingly asked to recall these numbers and on average it has shown that a soulfulness fuel remember seven consecutive numbers.A soul with dementia whitethorn rush difficulties remembering things that happened hardly a short while ago. However, the like soulfulness whitethorn be able to remember things that happened many years ago. otherwise memory difficulties could take on: • • • • • • a barrier in recognising people or remembering their names the inability to find the right manner of speaking f or things or objects repeating conversations that they look at al ready(a) had asking the similar question in a short space of time for get appointments or recent events misplacing items, forgetting where they pack hurl things or where they are usually unploughed • • • • • • • • • •Unit DEM 301 the inability to recall what they withdraw had to eat or even forgetting they had eaten the loss of skills such as self- finagle, washing, dressing, putting clothes on in the abuse order, shopping and training the inability to judge time, thought it is time to get up when it is the middle of the darkness forgetting where they live nice unaware of their adjoins forgetting to take medicine, possibly thinking they take hold already interpreted it forgetting their disabilities such as getting up to walk even though they are not able, which moderates in their falling an inability to arrive empathy which could make the erso n turn up selfish in- psycheity reassigns †if previously extrovert, they could drive introvert and vice versa the loss of social etiquette including making unreflective comments, being rude or exhi firearming sexual demeanours in public. Initially people experiencing these memory losses whitethorn liveliness frustrated or angry with themselves. They are angry because they know that they squander bury, and frustrated because they are unable to remember as they used to. occupation 1 Memory impairments Think astir(predicate) the people you abide. What types of memory difficulties do they experience and how do you know about this? Functional skillsEnglish: Speaking and listening accommodate a reciprocation with colleagues about the types of memory difficulties that people you are working with rush. find out you take an diligent part in the discussion and that you show solutionive listening skills. It is all- distinguished(a) to keep in mind that no two peopl e’s memories will be affected by dementia in the alike way. The inappropriateness of their behaviours is caused by a forcible change to the brain and therefore the somebody has no manoeuvre over it. 5 Level 3 Health & Social mis well-favored Diploma 1. 3 How individuals process information with reference to the abilities and limitations of ndividuals with dementia The deeds of the brain are very complex. As state previously, the human brain is made up of around vitamin C billion cells. In the main these cells are called neurons. It may be easier to think of these neurons as switches which are either switched on or switched off. If the neuron is switched off it is resting; when it is switched on it fires electrical impulses along its body known as the axon. At the end of this axon there is a small part which releases a chemical substance. The chemical travels over a gap known as the synapse where it turns on another neuron. These chemicals are known as euro trans plantters. There are 60 identified chemicals involved in the brain’s activity. The succeeding(a) are some important neurotransmitters relating to the process of memory and associated functions. dopamine The chemical dopamine is critical for controlling your body’s foreparts. If you do not have becoming dopamine, you will not be able to move or control your movements very well. Dopamine also controls the flow of information from other areas of the brain, specially memory, attention and problem-solving tasks. Serotonin The chemical serotonin is the neurotransmitter enhanced by many antidepressants, such as Prozac, nd has become known as the ‘feel- true(p)’ neurotransmitter. It has a profound payoff on mood, anxiety and aggression. Acetylcholine (ACh) ACh controls activity in the areas of the brain that are connected with attention, learning and memory. hoi polloi with Alzheimer’s tend to have low takes of ACh in their brain. Glutamate Glutamat e is critical for making the links between neurons that are the oculus of learning and long-term memory. Reading about these chemicals and what they do toilette table service towards explaining how the person with dementia, 6 who has damage to these neurons, has difficulty with their memory.Because the neurons are damaged or destroyed, they are not able to produce or transmit important chemicals which are required for the person to function fully. Nerve cell Synapse Axon Dendrite The amount of electricity the human brain produces when each of its neurons is arc is self very(prenominal)(prenominal) to a 60-watt light bulb. Left-sided and right-sided brain The collection of 100 billion cells or neurons in the brain is divided into two halves, known as hemispheres. The right side of the brain is responsible for putting information together †for example, information received from eyes. If you see a lady the information goes from our eyes to the right side of your brain, fi ring neurons, putting the information together so you are able to say, ‘I can see a lady. ’ The left wing side of the brain analyses information which is imperturbable by the right side of the brain. It alters you to expand on what you see so you are able to say, ‘I know who that lady is, it’s my sister Michelle. ’ People with dementia who have damage to the neurons on the right side of the brain will have difficulty putting information together. They will be able to ‘see’ things, items or people, but will not be able to make the connection of what those things, items or people are.People who have damage to the neurons on the left side of the brain tend to be affected by depression. They will have more compositional problems and will have problems using language. Understand dementia 1. 4 How other factors can cause changes in an individual’s condition that may not be attributable to dementia Experiencing a loss or reduction i n memory does not ever indicate a form of dementia. There are other health conditions which could affect somebody’s level of memory. These are a good deal referred to as correctable dementias. The part of the brain that has become damaged will determine how the person will be affected.Unit DEM 301 medicate and alcohol induced memory loss The set up of drug misuse including excess alcohol can cause damage to the neurons in the brain, resulting in neurological difficulties including memory disruptions. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) Conditions affecting memory ME, other known as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) or Post-Viral Fatigue Syndrome (PVFS) is a chronic, disabling neurological disorder. It is characterised by persistent fatigue and muscle pain. Symptoms can include cognitive problems such as loss of memory and concentration, recurrent sore throat and enlarged tell apart glands, disturbed sleep patterns and ersistent headaches. Brain injury practice of medicine Inj uries to the brain can be caused by international trauma such as a botch up to the head, or internal factors such as a result of a stroke or aneurism. The level of brain injury can be anything from buggy to severe. This can result in both short-term and long-term or permanent difficulties. nearly ethical drug medicaments can have side effects which can affect somebody’s memory. Brain neoplasm A tumour of the brain can be benign (slow- emergence, non-cancerous) or malignant (invasive, a great deal growing rapidly and cancerous). sensation hearing movement savoir-faire, movement and sensory functions Parietal obe Frontal lobe Occipital lobe impermanent lobe Cerebellum hearing and vision Brain stem separate of the brain and their special functions. Diet several(prenominal) foods can have an effect on a person’s memory. It is believed foods such as those containing vitamin C and sugars can have an effect on memory. encephalitis Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain, usually occurring as a result of viral infection. Huntington’s disease Huntington’s disease is a hereditary, neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system. It can cause emotional, intellectual and movement problems. The line of merchandise of Huntington’s is characterised by involuntary ovement of the limbs, trunk and face, progressive loss of amiable abilities, and the development of psychiatrical problems. Huntington’s disease usually appears in middle age (30â€50 years) but can develop in younger and older people. hydrocephaly Hydrocephalus is usually associated with Spina Bifida and is caused by a build-up of cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) in the brain. This condition can also be caused by infections such as meningitis, premature birth, head injury or stroke. Hydrocephalus can lead to problems with concentration, short-term memory, shaping and coordination. leave out of sleep/insomniaPeople who have difficulty sleeping may experience various health problems including memory difficulties. 7 Level 3 Health & Social dole out Diploma Lyme disease Lyme disease is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Borrelia Burgdorferi. The disease is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected tick. If left untreated, Lyme disease may affect a person’s memory. Multiple sclerosis (MS) MS occurs as the result of damage to myelin †the protective sheath surrounding nerve fibres of the central nervous system. This damage interferes with messages between the brain and other parts of the body.Parkinson’s disease This is a progressive neurological condition, which can affect the person’s ability in talking, walking, swallowing, piece of music and memory. melodic line Stress is the emotional and strong-arm strain caused by your response to pressure from the outside earthly concern. Stress can affect your health in many ways, including memory difficulties. Stroke A stroke occur s because of a disruption to the blood supply to a incident area of the brain, causing damage to that area of the brain. 1. 5 Why the abilities and need of an individual with dementia may falter Each person may experience dementia in different ways.There is no definitive containion or path that the condition will follow and there are no study timescales in which the condition may progress. You have examined how the person’s condition will deteriorate over time, but during that time it can also fluctuate or come and go. Fluctuation of needfully and abilities It is not fully known why somebody with dementia can have ‘good eld’ and ‘ severe days’. Part of the answer for this could be because we all have good and bad days. This very ofttimes depends on how we are feeling, how frequently sleep we have had, what activity we are doing and how much we lack to do that activity. 8When you are having a bad day, everything you do seems to go wrong. Cou ld this be simply because you are feeling so negative? Can your attitude have an effect on the outcome? Think about this for a while. If you do not like doing something, it seems to take continuously to get it over and make with. The time drags and your level of boredom or uninterest rises. On the other hand, when you are doing something you ravish, the time rushes by so that in front you know it the activity comes to an end. This theory could also relate to the person with dementia. If the person is doing something that is familiar to them, something that they have do many imes and have developed a routine for, the person may appear very confident and able to do it with ease. They may appear to show no signs of dementia. However, take the person out of their familiar environment and out of their routine, and their confusion will grow, causing their symptoms to be more obvious. Stress has been identified to have an effect on our memory. In the early lay outs of dementia, the person may be fully aware that they have forgotten where they have put things. This can cause their stress levels to rise, resulting in added memory difficulties, frustration and confusion.In these earlier stages it is important for you as a dole out worker to transgress the person emotional alimentation. Do not be tempted to take over what they are having difficulty with. garter them to calm mint and think about what they are doing. The more the person becomes agitated, the greater their difficulties will become. As the condition progresses, the more support the person will require. This will include support with day-to-day activities. You can excrete support through reminding the person what they need to do. Do not overload them as this will increase their stress and therefore their symptoms. If the person asks you a question and epeats it several times within a short space of time, answer it as though it is the first time you have heard the question. Do not show your frust rations as this will barely cause them to become upset when they see how their behaviour is affecting you. In the later stages, the person will become emotionally and forciblely frail. Their reliance on gestate on will increase to the point where they are no longer able to anguish for themselves. They may lose their ability to eat, walk or speak, with notwithstanding the occasional word being shouted or crying out. Understand dementia Unit DEM 301 2. Understand the continue of recognition and diagnosis f dementia 2. 1 The partake of early diagnosis and apply to diagnosis For most people, receiving the diagnosis of dementia is very distressing. It is also very upsetting for their family. many a(prenominal) people today still think of dementia as being a condition which causes people to go ‘mad’. It is these negative images that can add supernumerary distress to both the person and their family. funeral through the drawing up of a will. They can be boost and back up to sort out any bills and congeal for prospective bills to be paid for by direct debit so that important bills are not overlooked. The person may ind comfort in keeping busy during the initial stages and they may feel quiet that their in store(predicate) has been planned to meet their necessarily. If you are encouraging somebody who is exhibiting any signs or symptoms of forgetfulness, confusion or the inability to find the right words when communicating, it is important that they see their GP. Diagnosis can be difficult to make in the early stages as the symptoms of dementia can develop slowly. They can also be similar to symptoms of other health conditions. The GP or health affectional will be able to proctor any pattern of symptoms and undertake tests over a period of time o pecker any changes in the person’s mental ability. A brain skim can serving with diagnosis; this could be a CT scan or MRI. If a diagnosis is made, the person may be referred to a s pecialist for win sermon. first diagnosis The early diagnosis of dementia is subjective in order to: • • • rule out other conditions that may be treatable access advice, information and support allow the person with dementia and their family to plan and make arrangements for the future. Receiving an early diagnosis of dementia can serve well the person and their family to plan and pull in for the future. Although there is no restore at present, there are arious medications operable which can avail improve symptoms and, for some, slow down(a) the progression of the disease. Early diagnosis can encourage the person to expose and access sources of advice and support for their condition. The early education of the person and their family can help them to develop a better disposition of what the future may hold. The person will have time to put their finances in order and to make wishes for their Discussing the future with the person can help with disposit ion and accepting. quest diagnosis, the person may want to live as independently as they can for as long as they can.They may not appreciate someone taking over their life in these early stages where they are still able to care for themselves. To enable the person to remain as independent as thinkable, it may be an idea to instigate them to fulfil social work, if they have not already done so, to find out what support they could be authorise to. In order to aid their memory the person could place a list of important telephone numbers by their phone. This way they will eer know where a telephone number is if they need it. Labels could be placed on cupboard doors to remind them of the contents. Notes could be placed n doors as a reminder to lock them. Lists could be put on a noticeboard of things to do and days to do them on, such as putting the rubbish out for the stand collectors. 9 Level 3 Health & Social Care Diploma The most important thing to support the person with is in continuing to enjoy their life. Support them to continue with their hobbies or interests. nonpareil good activity which will help them in the future is the development of a life history book. gain ground and support them to collect together mental pictures of people who are important to them, events which hold important memories such as the birth of their first randchild, their wedding day or family holidays. gain ground the person to label each photograph clearly in the book so that they can look back at it at any time and be reminded of good memories. Early diagnosis can enable the early introduction of specialist services. The services may include: • • • • • • • • • • • • • family GPs †referring the person for further tests, reviewing medication district nurses health interpretors community psychiatric nurses consultants memory clinics neurologists geriatricians neuropsychiatrists physi otherapists dieticians clinical psychologists speech and language therapists.In the very early stages of dementia the person may have days or episodes of forgetfulness which could be put down to the person being off-colour or having an off day. These episodes may be masked by their ability to recall past events easily. They may be able to give a reason as to why they cannot remember what you have just said to them. They may say that the television was too loud and they did not hear you. They may even be ball field that you had not told them anything, giving rise to you questioning your own memory. The person may have difficulty understanding or following natural ideas or regimes. To cut through these ifficulties they may say that they pick outred the old way, as it is not as confusing. They could hide occurrences of misplacing items, making out that someone has moved the item or someone has taken it. All of these events, happenings and reasons could be very genuine and indeed th e person themselves may believe in what they are precept to be true. If they were all true, the person would be a very unlucky person to be experiencing all of these negative events. The likelihood of them all occurring to the same person in a short space of time would be rather remote. Recording all of these occurrences would enable you nd the team to build up a picture of the person’s mental and somatogenic health. Recording times that they In many cases, the earlier the diagnosis and follow-up, the sooner the person can start regaining their life once again. This is not to say that they will receive a cure †at this moment in time the save option open to people is acceptance and discussion in slowing down the progress of the condition. 2. 2 Recording practicable signs or symptoms of dementia in line with agreed ways of working The health and well-being of a person should be monitored on a regular basis to ensure any resulting inevitably can be actioned without d elay.When observe somebody’s condition, it is important to record any findings in line with your organisation’s policies and procedures. 10 Misplacing items can be one of the first symptoms of dementia. Understand dementia take reminding to do something or became confused or disorientated would enable you to look back and identify frequencies to visualize if their memory is deteriorating. Involving the family When supporting somebody with dementia, it may be of immense realize to involve the family. Encourage and support the family to keep a diary of the person’s symptoms. As a care worker, you may not see the erson as much as their family do and therefore they can help to give you a better picture of the person and their needs. The diary that the family compiles could help them and you to identify changes in the person that may be otherwise missed. The diary could also aid in monitoring any current interventions and the resulting benefits to the person. Uni t DEM 301 Suggested monitoring and recording The person’s GP or neurologist may benefit from the information save in altering any medications or treatment the person receives. The following areas are those which it is important to monitor and record in the erson, as these will show what changes have occurred and over what period: • • • • • • • memory behaviour personalizedity ability to cope with daily living skills care-giving strategies †have they worked? activities the person enjoys any medications they have taken that day (including prescriptions, over-the-counter and herbal remedies) with details of medication name, dosage, and when and how many taken daily. Case study Identifying dementia Geoffrey had been living in sheltered housing for a number of years following a stroke. His confidence in his own abilities since the stroke had been very low and he as very much heard talk to himself. Geoffrey is visited every mornin g by the warden Leona to check that he is OK. Geoffrey always met Leona on his door footstep as he put out his unfilled milk bottle. wiz morning Geoffrey was not on his doorstep as usual, which pertain Leona. She rang his bell shape and waited. Geoffrey came to the door and greeted her with his usual smile. ‘ be you all right Geoff, you haven’t put out your empties? ’ she asked. Geoffrey nodded, scratched his head and replied, ‘I’m fine, I haven’t finished the bottle yet as I didn’t plight much yesterday. ’ ‘As long as you are all ight then,’ Leona replied, waving goodbye as she turned and walked away. The following day, once again Geoffrey was not on his doorstep. Leona rang the doorbell again and was greeted by Geoffrey still wearing the same clothes as he had on the previous day. ‘No milk bottles to put out again today? ’ she asked. Geoffrey agreed, saying he had decided to drink more water: â₠¬ËœI’m cutting down on my cups of tea, getting a bit of a beer belly,’ he joked. Leona was a little concerned but then shrugged it off, believing Geoffrey was always getting his words mixed up, due to his age. As the weeks passed Geoffrey had days when he did ot put out any empty bottles, and then he would put out tierce or four at a time. many days Geoffrey looked unwashed or unshaven, which was unlike him. Leona was concerned but on talking to Geoffrey she felt she was worrisome about nothing. Geoffrey’s behaviour had been up and down for over 12 months when Leona announced she was changing her job and a new male warden, Patrick, would be taking over. Geoffrey did not take this news very well and he became agitated, blaming Leona for the death of his wife. Leona was very shocked by this, especially as Geoffrey had neer been married. She mentioned this to Patrick during her andover and explained she thought something was not kinda right but she could not q uite put her finger on it. Patrick asked how long had this been going on for and then said he would take care of it. 1. After visiting each resident physician in the sheltered housing, what actions should Leona have taken? 2. What concerns would you have had regarding Geoffrey? 3. How would records of Leona’s visits to Geoffrey have been of benefit? 4. What actions should Patrick take now, especially regarding Geoffrey? 11 Level 3 Health & Social Care Diploma The diagnosis of dementia does not generally occur following the first visit to the GP.Generally there is a process in which the person goes through in order to receive a definitive diagnosis. During this process it is vital that any capableness signs of dementia are accountinged following your organisation’s policies and procedures, and in line with government guidelines. interior(a) Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence ( slight) exquisite has devised detailed guidelines in supporting people wit h dementia. This also includes the early diagnosis of dementia. Within this guide it states that primary health care staff should consider referring people who display any signs of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) for ssessment. MCI is a relatively new term to tell apart those who show some difficulties with their memory but do not have dementia. Studies have shown that 50 per cent of people with MCI go on to develop dementia later in life. NICE also includes in its guidelines information regarding the diagnosis and assessment of dementia. It states that diagnosis should plainly be made following assessment to include: • • • • the person’s history a cognitive and mental state examination a physical examination a review of all medication including over-the-counter remedies. As a care worker, your introduce in reporting possible signs f dementia would go towards the person’s history. Your input can help them receive the care that they need, whe n they need it. It is for this reason that you should ensure timely reporting of any observations you make or concerns you may have. To report a concern, you must(prenominal) follow your organisation’s guidelines. If you are incertain of what these guidelines state, you should speak with your line charabanc as soon as possible to ensure your actions follow beat out practice for the person. In general terms, most reports are given over to a designated member of staff. This may be your line manager, supervisor or manager.Your verbal report should be factual and to the point. Try to avoid giving your own opinions. Although opinions can help to look 12 at and clarify various issues from differing viewpoints, they can also be un assistive if used inappropriately. Once you have given a verbal report, you should back up what you have discussed with the appropriate person, by writing a written report. Again your written report should be factual and detail all of the actions you have taken. well-nigh reports will have an increased impact if they are delivered in a certain way. For example, you may have been asked to monitor somebody over a set period of ime and report back your findings. Simply writing those findings down may not have the same effect as plotting your findings on a graph. A graph or chart will give a visual representation of your findings, which may give a better explanation as to the person’s mental state and any changes that have occurred. 10 Incidence of wandering 2. 3 report possible signs of dementia within agreed ways of working 8 6 4 2 0 Week Reporting occurrences such as wandering can have a greater impact if plotted on a graph. fare 2 Process of reporting Speak with your manager or line supervisor to identify our organisation’s policy and procedures on the process of reporting information. Functional skills English: Speaking and listening This discussion can be either formal or informal and can give you the opportu nity to practise taking part in a matched discussion. Understand dementia Reflect Imagine you, or someone you love, had just been given the news that you or they had dementia. Being honest, what would be your initial thoughts or feelings? Do you feel it is OK to feel or think this way? Is there anything you feel that society can do to help with the acceptance or understanding of dementia?Unit DEM 301 2. 4 The possible impact of receiving a diagnosis of dementia on the individual and their family and friends Receiving news which you know will have a major impact on your future and those who are close to you can be very frighten and overwhelming. The person may feel very unfixed at the time, despite possibly having family and friends around them. The impact on the person and their family and friends can vary; some may see it as a comfort that the cause of their difficulties has been diagnosed, while others may be in disbelief, preferring not to ac friendship what they have been to ld.Many older people guardianship becoming a burden on their family more than they charge death. 13 Level 3 Health & Social Care Diploma Feelings NICE requirements The person may be shocked on first hearing the diagnosis; this can often turn to denial. One theory on loss or grief shows that the process usually goes through five stages including: NICE guidelines state that following a diagnosis of dementia, health and social care professionals should provide the person and their family with written information regarding: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. • denial anger bargaining depression acceptance. It is felt that the person may not necessarily go through ach stage in this particular order, and indeed can go backwards and forwards, repeating various stages a number of times before reaching and remaining at acceptance. The person may experience solicitude or the concern that they will lose control over their lives and their future. They may also fear becoming a burden on their family a nd friends. Some may feel guilty, blaming themselves, thinking that they could have prevented their condition happening. Whatever feelings the diagnosis creates in the person, you should encourage and support them to talk about their feelings. Some may not feel well-heeled voicing heir feelings to their family and friends, preferring to talk with someone they do not know. The person’s family and friends should not be upset by this decision and should respect the wishes of their love one. Initially the person may simply want to curl up and lock out the world around them. Family and friends need to be supportive in these situations. Telling the person to ‘get a bagful’ or that what they are doing is silly is not going to be of any benefit †in fact, it will often make things worse. 14 • • • • • • • the signs and symptoms of dementia the course and prognosis of the condition treatments ocal care and support services su pport groups sources of financial and legal advice, and advocacy medico-legal issues, including crusade local information sources, including libraries and voluntary organisations. Any advice and information given to the person and their family should be recorded in the person’s care notes. The confidentiality of the person should be respected if they decide they do not wish any information to be given to their family. Understand dementia Unit DEM 301 3. Understand how dementia care must be underpinned by a person-centred access code 3. 1 Person-centred and nonperson-centred start outes to ementia care It is important to remember that people with dementia are individuals first, with their condition of dementia coming second. They may also be mothers, fathers, brothers, sisters, sons or daughters. They may have led a fulfilling life before the condition of dementia took hold of their memories and personality. How could the care of any person be anything other than individual , special to their needs, involving and respecting their views on how they want their care to be delivered? Person-centred care is a way of providing care with the person at the centre of everything you do. Another way f describing it is individualised care †care that is given to the person according to their needs, wishes, beliefs and preferences. One would hope that gone are the days when everyone in a care kin got up at the same time, ate their breakfast at the same time, got washed and dressed at the same time, even going to the toilet at the same time. These regiment routines of care internals were devised for the benefits of the staff, not the people being support. The day revolved around tasks, duties that had to be met, more often than not putting the people’s particularised needs at the end of the priority list.If you needed support, which type of care home would you choose? earlier on in this unit we looked at how dementia can affect people and identified t hat no two people would necessarily follow the same process through the condition of dementia. This being the case should automatically exclude all people with dementia being treated in the same way. Studies have shown that a person-centred approach can help smother agitation in the person with dementia. Agitation is often caused by the person’s frustration in not being able to express themselves. The spirit could be one of sadness, pain, thirst, hunger or tiredness.Other studies on a person-centred approach have shown that the person often remains living in their own home for longer. A person-centred approach can also ensure that the person does not endure the degrading, discriminatory and opprobrious practices which could otherwise occur. People and all those involved in their care should feel safe, feeling that they are a part of what is going on, receive continuity of care, have purposeful goals which they are support to progress towards and have a feeling that they do matter. How does a person-centred approach benefit the person? As a care worker, you should identify the specific needs f the person with dementia. These needs could arise from their gender, ethnicity, age, religion and personal care. Other needs could also arise from their physical health or physical disability, any sensory impairment, intercourse difficulties, problems resulting from poor nutrition, poor oral health or learning disabilities. The person’s needs should be identified with input from the person, their family, friends and any other persons that may be important in that person’s life. Once the person’s care needs have been identified, plans should be made to draw up a support plan which will describe how those needs will be met.As with the assessing of needs, the person must be at the centre of the support grooming process. Nothing should be planned for them without them. 15 Level 3 Health & Social Care Diploma Case study The importance of a person-centred approach It is approaching lunch time but Mrs Lancaster is not really hungry. She would like a drink and would prefer to remain in her room as she is snug and her favourite television programme is about to start. Mrs Lancaster is not able to voice these preferences verbally, as she finds it very difficult to verbalise and so has given up trying. Tracy, one of the senior care workers, entersMrs Lancaster’s room and makes her jump, as Mrs Lancaster did not hear Tracy entering. ‘Come on then love, your dinner’s ready,’ Tracy tells Mrs Lancaster. She then promptly holds Mrs Lancaster under the arm and says, ‘Up you come chum. ’ Mrs Lancaster reels back in pain and cries out. Tracy responds saying, ‘Don’t be silly, now come on, your dinner’s going to get cold,’ again pulling up under Mrs Lancaster’s arm. Mrs Lancaster pulls away, which makes Tracy annoyed. She bends down and puts her face close to Mrs Lancaster’s and says, ‘I’ll leave you here to starve if you carry on like that. ’ Mrs Lancaster cannot take any more bullying or hreats from Tracy so she brings her head back and then sharply forward, head-butting Tracy. ‘You nasty woman, you ought to be locked up doing things like that! What have I ever done to you to deserve treatment like that? ’ Tracy shouts, leaving the room with a bloodied nose. 3. 2 Different techniques to meet the displace abilities and needs of the individual with dementia people with dementia. accept the challenge and look forward to the unexpected. As the saying goes, ‘variety is the spice of life’. 1. Explain half dozen things in detail that could have possibly led to Mrs Lancaster head-butting Tracy. 2.What should Tracy have done to prevent this occurrence? 3. fall upon a way Mrs Lancaster could be back up to communicate in future. 4. Describe how her care could be given using a person-centre d approach. Knowing the person Many people with dementia are able to live in their own homes for most of their lives with care being given to them by their families. It is important that the person is supported to recognise that the condition that they have is not the respite of anyone, especially not their own. When supporting the fluctuating needs and abilities of the person, it is very important that you recognise that hey are not responsible for the things that they do. It is not the person who is spitting out their food; it is the condition’s effects on the person’s ability to communicate which is preventing them from saying, ‘I don’t like that. ’ It is not the person who is incessantly wandering around the environment; it is the condition that has taken away their spatial awareness. As a support worker, you must focus on the skills and abilities that the person has, rather than those that they have lost. Ensure that you are fully aware of an d respect the person’s stress, their history, likes and dislikes.Be watchful for changes and adapt a flexible approach. No two days may be the same in supporting 16 By learning about each person’s history and background, you can design the care and support you provide around their specific needs. For example, the person may have been a sergeant major in the army, which could account for his yelling out his orders. The person may have experienced a traumatic event in their lives such as being trapped in a collapsed building, which could account for them becoming agitated and screaming when the lights are switched off in their bedroom at night. Without this background knowledge, nd more importantly understanding, the person who shouts his orders may be wrongly labelled as being noisy and dictatorial. The person who screams in the dark may be wrongly labelled as luxuriant and attention-seeking. A person’s physical condition can be affected by their dementia. The ir mobility may be bring lowd as may the person’s ability to maintain their own personal care or diet. Combining these factors can increase the person’s susceptibility to other illnesses such as chest infections or physical conditions such as pressure sores. Understand dementia Ensure the person’s support plan is unbroken as up to date s possible and shows alternative methods to use for various fluctuations in their support needs. Support other care workers by communion proven practices. As a support worker, you may have identified triggers to somebody’s behaviour. Do not keep this information to yourself; inform other care staff and have it recorded in the person’s support plan. This would be the same for identifying any new method or way of supporting the person to meet their fluctuating needs. stomach a stable environment and suitable milieu One of the main triggers resulting in somebody with dementia becoming agitated and confused is a cha nge n their routine. Any changes to the person’s life or daily routine can cause them to become unsettled, which could lead to inappropriate behaviours. To ensure stability it is important to: • • • • have consistent, regular staff. Unfamiliar faces can cause the person great upset. Ensure they know the staff and ensure the same staff member provides care to the person in their own home maintain a familiar environment. It is an eventuality in everyone’s life that their surroundings will change at some point. This could simply be through redecoration or changes in furniture. Where possible, if decoration needs to be undertaken within the erson’s environment, try to make the new decor similar if not the same as it was previously. If relocation is required for the person, ensure this is minimised by confirmatory the suitability of the new location. This will save on the person needing to be relocated again due to the environment not being suitable for their needs ensure the person is in a non-stressful, constant and familiar environment establish a regular routine, regular physical activity and adequate word-painting to light to improve any sleep disturbances. particularised strategic support People with dementia may behave in a way that is completely out of character.Some of these behaviours can be disturbing to onlookers and especially the person’s family, seeing their loved one behaving in a way they have never seen before. The following are examples of the types of behaviours people with dementia may display. Unit DEM 301 Wandering People with dementia may tend to walk or wander patently aimlessly for a variety of reasons. This could be because they are bored or they feel they need to escape or get out of the environment they are in. The person may simply need to use the seat but cannot remember where it is. On do this wandering may take them out of the mark or even own the street. This could lead t hem into becoming ‘lost’ if they are unable to find their way back home. For most people, wandering may only be a short phase that they go through. And, although little comfort at the time, people with dementia often retain a good class of road sense and are seldom involved in traffic accidents. To reduce incidents of wandering, promote physical activities to reduce the person’s boredom and to help use some pent-up energy. What dangers could wandering have for somebody? incontinence Loss of bowel or bladder control usually occurs as the dementia progresses. Sometimes these accidents may appen because the person cannot remember where the bathroom is or cannot get there in time. If the person does become incontinent, you need to help them to maintain their lordliness and respect by being understanding and reassuring. Incontinence pads, sheaths or catheters can be obtained to help keep the person free from unnecessary embarrassment and frustration. 17 Level 3 Heal th & Social Care Diploma Agitation Agitation can include behaviours such as sleeplessness, verbal or physical aggression and irritability. These types of behaviour often increase with the stages of dementia and can become quite severe.Agitation may be triggered by a variety of factors including environmental factors, fear and tiredness. Most often agitation is triggered when the person feels as if they are no longer in control of the situation. You can help reduce episodes of agitation by reducing the intake of caffeine, sugar and processed foods. The reduction of noise or crowds can also help, as does the maintenance of the person’s routines. is a list for further reading which will help your knowledge and understanding further. Doing it well Meeting the needs of people with dementia • Know the person well, including their history and background. storage area their support plan up to date. • Provide a stable environment and suitable surroundings. • En sure specific strategic support. • reform your knowledge and understanding. Repetitive speech or actions It is a common occurrence with those who have dementia to repeat a word, statement, question or activity more than once in a short amount of time. This repetition can be frustrating and stressful to the care giver and their family. repeat is often as a result of the person becoming anxious, bored, fearful or agitated. One way of reducing this is to provide them with reassurance. Alternative strategies could include isplaying reminders of activities around their home such as ‘Dinner is at 6:30pm’ or ‘Dave comes home at 5pm. ’ This may assist with reducing anxiety and uncertainty about anticipated events. Paranoia People with dementia may on the spur of the moment become suspicious, jealous or start accusative others of things. When this happens, the person will believe in what they are saying and therefore you should not try to fight or disagree with them. Stay calm and encourage the person to calm down. Ask them what is wrong and let them know that you are there to help them. Improve your knowledge and understanding Many organisations have helpful information on nderstanding and supporting people with dementia. condition yourself a goal to develop your practices through research, talking to people who are in the early stages of dementia or family and friends of those who have it. Learning about dementia from those who have firsthand experience is often more beneficial than reading a book, although books have the benefit of being portable and accessible at any time. At the end of this unit there 18 3. 3 How myths and stereotypes related to dementia may affect the individual and their carers dealings with the difficulties that come with the diagnosis of dementia is not going to be made any asier with the myths and stereotypes that society has created. Within society, dementia is often seen as a condition that causes the pe rson to require 24-hour care in a secure environment so they cannot get out and wander aimlessly. People who are newly diagnosed with the condition are sometimes disbelieved because they appear ‘normal’ and are dribbling or babbling. Some myths or falsehoods can create an unrealistic hope within the person or their family. Some of these untruths profess to offer cures or preventions. The following information can help you to identify fact from fiction. Q †Can using aluminium saucepans affect the risk of eveloping Alzheimer’s? A †No, there is no convincing evidence that cooking with aluminium saucepans increases the risk of developing Alzheimer’s. Q †Is it true that people who follow a healthy lifestyle reduce the risk of developing dementia? A †Yes. Research shows that people who enjoy a healthy lifestyle by eating a well-balanced diet, not smoking and taking regular exercise reduce their chances of developing dementia. Recent research has shown that being healthy in mid-life can help lower our risk of developing dementia as we age. Understand dementia Q †Can Ginkgo Biloba help people with dementia? A †No.Unfortunately, the latest evidence shows that Ginkgo Biloba has no benefit for people with dementia. Q †Does eating meat have any connection with developing Alzheimer’s? A †There is no convincing proof that eating meat is linked to developing Alzheimer’s. Q †Do people who have dementia become childlike? A †No; it is very important to remember that people with dementia are adults and should be treated with the arrogance and respect other adults receive. Many people, quite wrongly, have stereotypes when it comes to dementia. It is these stereotypes that can become the fear of reality for people newly diagnosed ith dementia. Sometimes it is the person’s own stereotyping of dementia that they have to face. Facing and resolving this can only occur with education and acceptance. Unit DEM 301 3. 4 Ways in which individuals and carers can be supported to overcome their fears Research has shown that many people fear the thought of developing a form of dementia. The bother of losing one’s identity, independence and mind for some is a greater fear than the fear of death. torment about a condition that you may not develop seems futile. Worrying about a condition which you have developed will not do your health much good.Simply telling somebody who has received a diagnosis of dementia or their family not to have-to doe with is insufficient. Advising the person and their family to talk about their fears will help towards them overcoming any uncertainties. Ignoring the condition or pretext it is not happening is simply denial. To help all those involved to overcome worries for the future, the person and their family should be supported to learn the truth, what they can expect from the future. Activity 3 Understand the condition What’s i n a name? The person and their family should be supported to develop a true understanding of the condition they are acing. Information can be obtained from GPs’ surgeries, health centres, libraries and the Internet. When obtaining information from books or the Internet, you need to ensure it is up to date and reliable. Internet sites run by organisations such as the Alzheimer’s Society or NHS Direct can be seen as reliable sites, as can educational sites such as those ending with . org. Some of the facts relating to dementia do not always make for easy reading; however, the person and family need to know what to expect. Skirting around these issues will not enable the preparation that may be required. This could lead to a bigger shock when it ctually happens, which would not do anybody any favours. Devise a simple questionnaire which you can either send out to colleagues or staff within your organisation, or give to your family and friends. Ask questions such as, †˜ seduce the first word that comes into your head when you hear the word â€Å"dementia”. ’ Include a few questions that relate to the myths around dementia to see if your colleagues or family know the truth or not. Compile the results from your questionnaire and discuss these with your assessor. People’s inappropriate views or opinions on dementia often arise from ignorance. For many, the only portrayal hey have of dementia is that which they see on television. Storylines shown in films are often of people in the advanced stages of dementia. If this is the only perspective you have, then there is no love why society looks at this condition in the way it does. If the individual newly diagnosed with dementia or their family has only ever known of dementia in this way, then their fears will understandably be heightened. Encourage future planning Once the person and their family are aware of how dementia may affect the future, they should be supported to think ah ead and be ready for the changes that will follow.The person and their family will need to prepare things not just materially but emotionally as well. At some point the person may require support with toileting and other personal care needs. They may not want their family go to to this sort of personal care, 19 Level 3 Health & Social Care Diploma preferring to have a care worker attend to their needs at home. There may come a point where the person is unable to stay in their own home due to the advancement of their condition. The fear of this eventuality can create a lot of worry for them. Supporting the person to plan for this can help allay those fears.They and their family could be supported to identify a care home which the person may move into in the future. Simply knowing that this step has been arranged can help them feel a little easier, knowing that they will not be placing a burden on their family. Making life easier The person may have received a diagnosis of demen tia because of their current memory difficulties. The family may worry that the person will not be able to cope very well at home, forgetting to take their medication, forgetting to lock doors and windows when going out and so on. These sorts of worries for the family will not necessarily lessen.As each day passes they may worry. As each day passes the person’s condition may increase, making the family worry all the more until it becomes a vicious circle. To help reduce these fears, the person can be supported to remain as independent as possible at home with the use of notes, labels, lists †any memory joggers. The environment in which the person lives can be made safer †for example, installing grab rails or an emergency pull cord system. Making these pincer changes to the person’s home may reduce the natural worries of the family with regards to their loved one’s safety. Dealing with the diagnosis of dementia is never going to e easy. Some people and their families may benefit from receiving counselling. This can often b\r\n'