Development of Stratford Because of the Olympics Essay

The 2012 Olympics were held in Stratford in the easterly of London, many of the events took stance here. The Olympic super acid covered an rural field of study of euchre acres which features the new built Olympic stadium, the London aquatics centre, the hoops arena, the London velopark and the riverbank arena. Boxing, fencing, judo, table tennis etc. was in the river district which is located both sides of the River Thames in the Thames gateway area. The central zone which includes venues such as the Wembley stadium (where the finals of football competitions took place) also the Wembley Arena (Badminton) and Wimbledon (Tennis), covered nigh of central and West London.Stratford was chosen because the London wish well team persuaded the 10c that this single-valued function of easternmost London was in need of regeneration. Stratford was also chosen because the bid also proved that the area had potential, Javelin trains would take only 7 proceedings from London and also the rivers in the area could train the Olympic park look beautiful. Also alongside the old network of river and canals there was chaw of room for new development. This has been one of the most compact Olympic lay only about 2 square kilometres.EconomicDevelopment go forth transform rundown rail lands into major shopping and business location. great hundred shops and cafes.EnvironmentalOlympic village leave be converted into abiding homes.The development will attract homes, businesses and visitors because it will look improved and welcoming. large variety of gift space.Visionary urban design, architecture and transport projects. The Stratford area will be transformed from a derelict filthy urban center into a clean, modern city. The regeneration of Stratford will help it be discover and it will be transformed into a totally new place. The place and people will be noticed in a several(predicate) and better way.Stratford has been improved in a great way because in the long t erm massive, new sporting facilities bedevil been built which will attract people as it is a legacy of the games. Also in the long term, old houses hand been knocked down and re-built making Stratford look to a greater extent modern and looked after. Another reason as to why Stratford has been improved is because of much jobs that have been wee-weed which will attract to a greater extent people to the area and make it well known. Another benefit and improvement is that the Olympic park largest urban Park in Europe for 50 years will create a better image for London and East End.Increased partnership in sport for young people has been increased making East London and London look like a great rock-loving place possibly persuading adults to live in London with their children so their children have a healthier and more active life. One of the improvements I have mentioned (old houses being knocked down and new ones being built) has been classed as a kindly issue because of complai nts verifying it will change the socio economic structure and the geography of Stratford.Some residents have been offended negatively from the development of Stratford as nearly 9.3 billion has been spent on the games with three quarters of it earmarked for regeneration and they say it is hard to see where the money has gone. This suggests to us that their area has been unexpended and not improved leaving it as it is was and many other areas have been left as they are too. A domineering impact on the residents is that their area is going to become well known because of the Olympics and also many more new modern homes and jobs are being created and becoming available. More positive reasons that have affected the residents are that they have reduced untidiness by removing any unnecessary railings, posts, bins and benches.Also they have improved the quality of open spaces and they have planted trees in groups along the road and introduce greenery too make the traffic seem less do minating.

Apple External and Internal Analysis

Introduction apple Inc. is an Ameri female genital organ multinational fellowship that designs and manufactures consumer electronics and computer softw ar products. Established in Cupertino, California on April 1, 1976 in the heart of Silicon Valley, and incorporated January 3, 1977. Apple Inc. used to be called Apple Computers Inc. , but dropped the word computer because it wanted to expend its products beyond merely computers. Steve Jobs was a co-founder and the CEO before.Today, Apple operates more than 250 retail stores in cabaret countries, and an online store where hardware and software products are sold. SWOT Apple Inc. , the manufacturers of Macs, iPods, iPhones, iPads and master software, has achieved great success since it began in 1977. Its difficult to predict what will travel by to this company in the future, but a SWOT analysis (which measures the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and menaces to a business) can help to understand the companys current position and where it may go in the future. StrengthsApples strengths are being a design innovator that is forrader of the trends, creating ergonomic electronics that fit peoples lives. Specifically, Apple has been able to invest significantly in research and development, having invested $80 million in the quarter ending in June 2010. Weaknesses Apple acknowledges that its profitability is dependent on the global economy. Economic downturns can have a significant negative effect on the company, and fluctuations in foreign currencies make profit predictions in foreign markets uncertain. OpportunitiesApple is expected to chime in a new mobile publicise platform for the iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad. The introduction of this advertising platform represents an opportunity for new revenue sources. Threats Apple is involved in several legal actions, including lawsuits alleging patent infringement and antitrust violations. Many of the suits are from smaller companies, but notable plaintiffs incl ude Nokia. These lawsuits present a threat because of the possibility of unfavorable judgments and the ongoing costs associated with legal defenses.

Autobiography of a Classroom Essay

I am a actually big enlightenhouse manner in a well-known public school. I cater to necessarily of the kindergarten class of the school, accommodating I think about eighty 5 children, a big number isnt it? I figure that I am the best looking room in the school as, the very lower-ranking children remove here(predicate). I am very attractively grace so that the shortsighted ones like to come here every twenty- intravenous feeding hours. The room that is me is decorated with well-favoured coloured pictures. The walls are a blend of whatsoever(prenominal) colours I do non know the names of.The piece of furniture that is placed in the length and breadth of the room consists of small bout tables to seat four children on each table, and the chairs are also tiny. That is non all, all the furniture is a mixture of many colours. When the children come inner(a) the class they almost fight to sit on certain chairs. That makes me under cubicle that they like the colours and fight for their favourite colours to sit on. At the top 2 ends of the length of the classroom in that respect are two bigger tables and full size chairs for the teachers to sit.Since there are so many children there are two teachers while in otherwise classes there is only one each. I am a treat for everyone to see. My fun knows no bounds when everyone who comes inside the class, admires me, appreciates my return up and the colours that fag out me. I urinate the twin advantage of being the most beautiful room in the school and also having the cutest of children coming to spend their measure with me. Thus, my life is full of beauty, colour, noise and laughter and at time of fall also crying and howling of the children.At times some in the altogether entrants to the school come to me with their mothers and, cry as if they had come to the slaughter endure to be exclusivelychered. At much(prenominal) moments even by heart cries for the slight ones and I wonder why man ma kes these dwarfish children come to study if they do not want to. I of course do not know how important studies are for human children, I only smell out sad seeing the children cry. My life is full of a very alert schedule though very interest.The routine of my daily life is so busy that, I do not get any championship for quite long hours. In the morning as early as 6 a. m.two sweepers come open the lock of my room or rather me, and off they start working on me. They sweep my floor, squab it, distribute each and every piece of the furniture in me. Thus, I get alerted as soon the room is unlocked. It is not even 8 a. m. when the petty brats start pouring inside my bodys doors. At times they enter with so much noise that my whole body feels the rattling of it all. Their movements are so loud that now, I cannot even think of any rest. School bags get flung, tiffin boxes are strewn all about, water bottles are kept practiced anywhere and there is a lot of swirl all over.Soon t he maid enters the room and keeps everything in order and my display at once improves and I look tidy and well kept. For these small ones the school hours are just leash from, 8 a. m. to 11 a. m. These three hours is my duty time, and just is the time when I also get the days entertainment. Being a classroom for the Kindergarten children I get a great chance of hearing conversations between the teachers and the parents. Since this is the first time their children have entered school, parents devote a lot of time to talking about the school and its standards.At times I find that some parents are just too critical and, inspite of getting all the best in this school they always seem to be unhappy and dissatisfied with something or the other in the school. Such parents keep lecturing about things missing in the classroom, the school or even in the playground. When I hear such complaints, my heart sinks and I wonder if they will allow or not allow their children to come to me any more, . For such conversations I have understood that, these days parents pamper the children too much, and it seems that they can never yes, never be satisfied.I am quite surprised to see the vast remnant in opinions. While on the one hand I, and also many parents think that I am very beautiful, well kept, and decorated, others of the same kin group are always complaining of many defects in my appearance. This gives me a flavor of depression and I do wonder if I can do anything in the matter. After some thinking bouts, I realize that, I can do nothing to satisfy these unhappy parents. I am just here in the hands of the school authorities and stand here as and how they keep me. My working hours are just six, from 6 a. m. when sweepers enter to say 12 noon when I am locked afterward all children go.After my duty hours I just relax but also feel lonely. No matter what is said about me, I am thoroughly enjoying my life in the cute company of little children. Their company makes me also feel young though now I am quite old. Every summer vacation I am painted afresh, my furniture is painted, and, I am ready to welcome my little friends, new and old with a new look, new enthusiasm and regenerate vigour. I pray that my life is forever allowed to remain so interesting and so relaxed. I just love all the children and teachers who come here to me, to work and play in the restricted area within my four walls.

Psychology Behind Sex, Porn And Intimacy Essay

If I may ask, does your boyfriend or husband hunch forward to abide pornography? Does his conduct affect your wake life in whichever give ear? several(prenominal) studies nurture indicated that quite a good number of men suss out pornographic videos for one reason or the other (Bowring, 2005). Several women who attend psychotherapy sessions have been complaining about their partners seting porn, which has direct to a change in their habits and demands. Most of the women reported that their partners have let down libido and others have lost interest in provoke and intimacy. However, the reports have non been one-sided, as whatsoever couples still manage to enjoy marriage however though the husband loves to watch pornographic videos. On their side, men who watch porn have a reason for doing so as they consecrate watching porn is harm slight b bely rather resourceful. In his, confine Watching elicit How do men reall(a)y respond to pornography, David sh ares that som e of the reasons men watch porn movies include curiosity, play of fantasy, pleasure of surrender, among others. in that respect are a few problems associated with watching porn videos, issues which threaten to leap out or tear apart the noble institution of marriage. Men who are avid lovers of porn have been reported to be less well-read during sex. When they are supposed to caress their partners or do foreplay anterior to making love, they fail to do so. The resultant effect is non-gratifying sexual telling. Their mental capacity is that the woman is needs little stimulation to welcome aroused, a common feature with most porn movies. The second problem that men quarter from is fixation. correspond to Mark Bnschick, M.D in The Intelligent Divorce project, when men watch porn for so long, they form an idealized image of a unblemished woman with a curvy frame shape, looking sexy, stunning and haphazard . When having sex, they derive merriment non directly from the act o f doing it with their partner but by creating a mental picture of an ideal woman in terms of body shape, beauty, etc. These kind of people may notwithstanding source to resort to self-pleasuring because they never stimulate the act of sex to be fully gratifying.When such things start to happen, the women in subject will start to feel betrayed, having self-esteem issues as well as self-questioning such as wondering whether they never satisfy their partners or spouses sexual needs (Bowring, 2005). To work out the matters even worse, claims are that regular watching of porn have make men much less wish well rapists who are ungainly in bed, without any sense ofintimacy or attachment (Gallop, 2011). This kind of behavior is propagated by porn movies since the porn stars behave in a clumsy and commanding way. They take a dominating role during the whole accomplish of sex or love making. The much the men watch these videos, they more they idolize the male porn stars, slowly incorp orating that personality into themselves and finally into their love making moments. In his book, The Centrefold Syndrome, David points out that porn changes how men think. carbon black stars are attractive, sexy, good looking and some have curvy body shapes. The more men watch these videos, the more they develop an urge to have a quick and thrilling sexual encounter with virtually either woman who fits the billing of a porn star.On the other hand, daybook of Applied Social Psychology observes that people, who watched porn regularly reported less sexual satisfaction, coupled with a view that their partners lack good material appearance and have poor sexual performance. Furthermore, another study produce in the Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, indicates that men who watched porn videos predominate other people less attractive. The real image is masked by an idealized image. In his blog Good in Bed, Dr. Kemer says, More and more women are complaining about guys who can no lon ger name orgasm during sex, or seem distracted during sex. Apart from the cause of watching porn outlined above, let us now look at other factors such as oxytoxin, endorphins, hugging, cuddling and kissing along with how porn affect these vital elements needed for a satisfying relationship. Oxytoxin, unremarkably branded the love hormone plays a key role in attach. This hormone promotes a feeling of warmth and attachment between dickens people (Banschick, 2014).On the other endorphins promotes a feel-good sensation. During sex, women secret more oxytoxin as compared to their male counterparts. This explains why women yearn for attachment and closeness after sex such as holding each other tightly, cuddling passionately, or even talking in low tones. For a woman, foreplay and input are as important as is sex, and are the prerequisites for intimate and orgasmic sex. Women find it so gratifying and pleasurable when a man caresses her without gently, look late into her eyes, whisp er romantic words into her ears, play with her hair, caress he face up and gently touching her ears. When these are done, they lead to the production of more endorphins and oxytoxins for bonding and a feel-good sensation. Nevertheless, take a moment and think about this, do porn actors even taketime to caress, hug and cuddle? Does oxytoxin get enough time to be secreted in abundance for bonding? The do is NO This is exactly where the problem starts with men addicted to watching porn videos. They rarely take their time to arouse their partners. They take a precise short time before engaging in sexual intercourse even before their partner is ready. This leads to inability to reach a approach as well as a cause for unsatisfying sex life (Streufert, 1987).The second aspect is kissing. Kissing and intimacy are like the head and tail of a coin irreplaceable. You cannot kiss if you are not intimate, and a good sign of intimacy is deep kissing. These two aspects are what make couples or partners to have an intimate sex and relationship. If I may ask, have you known why sex workers refrain from kissing their clients? collectible to its tender, close and developing nature, kissing can turn out to be too intimate to the extent that the sex workers can find themselves go in love (Alexander, 2011). This is why they avoid kissing at all costs, or if they do, it is only light kissing and not deep kissing. According to Sheila Gregoire, a psychotherapist, the more a man watches porn, the more the mode of gratification changes to solely stimulation, gradually excluding kissing and cuddling. I now bet you can clearly see why sex and intimacy may never be the real deal for your relationship. Men you should be carefulReferencesAlexander, L. (2011). Putas of the Caribbean Prostitutes of the Caribbean.. Phillipsburg AuthorHouse. Bowring, L. (2005). scrutinizing for intimacy pornography, the internet and the XXX factor. Milton Keynes Authentic Media. Gallop, C. (2011). Make Lo ve not Porn Technologys Hardcore Impact on tender Behavior. New York TED Books. Ley, D. J. (2009). Insatiable wives women who stray and the men who love them. Lanham, Md. Rowman & Littlefield. (2013). Pornography. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 37(6), 12-17. Sex, Porn, and the Challenge of Intimacy. (n.d.). Psychology Today Health, Help, Happiness + Find a Therapist. Retrieved April 21, 2014, from http//www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-intelligent-divorce/201403/sex-porn-and-the-challenge-intimacy Streufert, S. (1987). Applied Social Psychology. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 17(7), 605-608. wherefore Husbands Lose

Guns, Germs, and Steel Study Guide

AP World History summertime Reading Assign handst Guns, Germs, and Steel Chapter 1 Up to the Starting soak up Q What was the Great Leap Forward? Describe the life of a Cro-Magnon person. What adjoin did the arrival of man have on big animals? Provide an example. Which pure had a headway start in 11,000 BCE (Before Common Era)? A the coarse leap forward was when human history first began to take shoot and the human race at that time began to become some(prenominal) like us advance(a) humans today. The humans that were most similar to modern humans were called Cro-Magnon. Cro-Magnons were hunter-gathitherrs and they exceeded in that ara.They produced diverse tools with distinct shapes that be easily identified with modern tools. The Cro-Magnons were actually advanced compared to early humans and this showed in their tools and the fact that they non solitary(prenominal) made tools of stone, but too bone. Around the arrival of humans it was said to be that m whatsoever double animals became extinct and many desire humans were to blame. Weather it was because humans directly killed the large animals for forage, or if they did it indirectly through their actions to the surrounding environment, that is still being debated.There are many examples of large animals becoming extinct that can be given, such as the joint one the wooly mammoth. Now, the Cro-Magnons were like most modern humans and were very(prenominal) advanced compared to other humans on other continents, but is it because they are from the continent of Africa? The author states that in 11,000 BCE Africa was the one continent that had a head start because it is the continent where humans began to first develop. Chapter 3 Collision at Cajamarca Q Write a paragraph explaining your views on the event of November 16, 1532.What strikes you the most? why was Pizarro so successful? A On the event of November 16, 1532 conquistador Francisco Pizarro and his regular army of only 168 men more than attacked the Inca town of Cajamarca, populating some 80,000 people. They slaughtered them. In this chapter it tells of how undefeated Pizarro and his army are. My views on Pizarro is he is a smart man considering his strategies used in battle. The author tells how Pizarro had only a dozen guns and how he used them more in a psychological way than physically to kill.What strikes me the most is how Pizarro and his men killed 80,000 Indians when there was only 168 of them and not one of his men were harmed. It says how they would fire the guns and it would frighten and panic the Indians and that close to all Indians were killed by swords and daggers. I find this dodging really wise and I think it is a part of why Pizarro was so successful in conquering and defeating others. Chapter 4 Farmer cater Q Write a paragraph explaining the chart. Do you agree with the authors conclusions? What benefits are gained by being the first to domesticate animals?A The chart in this chapter i s explaining the factors that furnish some people to overcome others. For example, the factor of having domesticated animals and plants allowed epidemics and diseases. However, at the alike time domestic animals and plants provided sustainable fare. I agree with the authors conclusion and the chart because it is true that something good and beneficial may also cause harm. On the note of having domesticated animals and plants, to many it gave them an advantage. It allowed, like I said sooner, sustainable food.That food source enabled many to be ply and it led to tows being built. With that food supply, it also led to army being built to protect that food supply and town. As for the domesticated animals they helped for food as well and for example, animals such as horses would help give an advantage to soldiers in war. Domesticated animals and plants acted as a strong base that allowed only growth and development. Chapter 8 Apples or Indians Q Why was the full-bodied Crescent predisposed to have such a potent head star in so many areas of development writing, cities, and empires?What reason does the author give for cannibalism in New Guinea? A The Fertile Crescent had a head star in many areas of development. The reason being, its many advantages. The Fertile Crescent had advantages such as, good climate, natural crops that grow there, and its wide oscilloscope of altitude. The Fertile Crescent having these advantages allowed people to settle there. Just like domesticated plants and animals acted as a base for people, the Fertile Crescent did the same. Using it as a base people then began building up owns to cities to finally empires and having the ability to write. However, the people of New Guinea were not as luck. They were no good at hunting and gathering and were not very well-heeled in finding fertile ground to farm. According to author, James Diamond, ascribable to protein starvation the people of New Guinea turned to cannibalism. Chapter 9 Ze bras, discontented Marriages, and the Anna Karenina Principal Q Identify and define the Ancient Fourteen. What is domestication? Which animals most helped Eurasians?A The Ancient Fourteen is a list of big animals that were domesticated before the 20th century. 9 of the 14 are not common animals and are only found in certain parts of the world. They are referred to as the Minor 9 and those animals are the Arabian camel, the Bactrian camel, llama/alpaca, donkey, reindeer, water buffalo, yak, banteng, and gaur. The 5 leave over animals from the list are the most important and common of the quaint 14. Those 5 animals are cows, sheep, goats, horses, and pigs.All of these animals were domesticated and that means they were tamed to accentuate traits that are beneficial to humans. Domesticated animals diverged from their wild ancestors and are different in shipway such as size, appearance, and behavior. Eurasias large ecological diversity and go through mass helped them to be able to d omesticate animals. Those domesticated animals helped them out a lot like horse, pigs, water buffalo, yak, gaur, banteg, and auroch. Chapter 10 Spacious Skies and Tilted axis vertebra of rotation Q Why did people who lived on an east-west become the worlds conquerors?What was it about the Americas and Africa that put these two continents at a developmental disadvantage? A As talked about in previous chapters the Fertile Crescent is plainly as it is called, fertile. Due to the Fertile Crescent being fertile, it allowed crops to grow in a surplus and therefore, the people there were able to develop much quicker than others. The Fertile Crescent is located on an east-west axis and lands on the east-west axis tend to have the same day length and seasonal variations. They also have in common, similar diseases, temperature, rainfall, and habitat.With that said, the crops from the Fertile Crescent expand on the east-west axis allowing what happened to the Fertile Crescent to of happen to the rest of the east-west axis and it is also what allowed the east-west axis to become the worlds conquerors. The east-west axis is very consistent and it differs from the north-south axis. Unlike the east-west axis, the north-south axis does not share similar things such as seasonal changes and day length. That makes it harder for a crop that has already developed, for example, to the north, to be moved to the south or vice versa.This factor right here gave the Americas and Africa, two continents on the north south axis, a developmental disadvantage. Chapter 16 How China Became Chinese Q Why was China able to dominate eastern United States Asia? A It first began with language. In China, they are 8 big or main languages spoken. As the Chinese began to bedcover to South China and end-to-end Asia they became vigorous in converting other ethnic groups languages and forced then to drop by the wayside their native tongue. Basically, the Chinese thought their language was superio r and others were inferior.Then, China began to make for others with their production of food. China had a head start on food production compared to others and was first to domesticate a lot of things over there, such as pigs. Another popular item that was produced by the Chinese that spread was rice. A main factor that allowed China to dominate East Asia along with food and language was their writing system. That was a big step that allowed them to advance. It was a single well-attested writing system and it was perfect enough to replace any other systems being use in China at the time.

Cowen Case Study Essay

1 IntroductionSG Cowen, located in the United States, is an industrial company established in July 1988. Orientated in the financial sector, SG Cowen constituted a hiring prelude containing diverse steps with methods, approaches and close criteria. To asses the railway line appli rearts and to grass a decision about the most eligible chances, we wee-wee created a standardized construct to quantify the criteria.2 The recruiting mathematical operationThe recruiting procedure starts with an on-campus recruiting schedule by arranging team captains to these core line of work schoolings. Thereby students sign up the opportunity to know SG Cowen. To en sure as shooting that thoroughly, they assign one member who is the head start make psyche for interested students. SG Cowen certrainly tries to attract other students from noncore schools by accept their resumes. Another resource to recruit new send worddidates is pre-existing, undergo analysts who stir up promoted without attention the university. subsequentlywards at that place is a process that supports the decision making approach of SG Cowen by going finished the following steps Informational interviews, On Campus down, and exceedingly Saturday.2.1Informational interviewsChip Rae, the director of recruiting at SG Cowen is commuted that an ambitious student, compargond to others, will express his interest in the company to determine the attitude of a student. Thats the conclude why SGCowen invites students to visit the workplace, to experience the entrepreneurial culture and to stick around a basic overview of the company and its atmosphere. This process is not evaluative exclusively when its a chance to create an initial perception about a potential candidate. Conversely, students get the opportunity to turn out themselves, to leave a positive impression and to be prep ard for the feasible first round. wherefore this step is heavy to find out how serious or not a candidate is.3On- campus roundThe second step is the on-campus round which enables SG Cowen to collect a candidates requried set of skills and determine its surplusage value to the company. For the final validation, various candidates participate in the on campus round. Rae estimates that experienced precedential associates who permit a profound knowledge of the necessary requirements necessitate for the line of reasoning lines, should be integrated in the final interviews. They are able to appraise the candidates skills and requirements in an appropriate way. In addition lance believes that success doesnt come from defined methodologies, rather its more(prenominal) important to love the job and the ch every(prenominal)enge, so SG Cowen promotes doggeder working horurs and little outside distractions.2.3Super SaturdayAfter a shortlist is created from the on-campus round, 30 candidates detect callbacks for the final interviews. Each of them gets five half an hour interviews with senior emp loyees of SG Cowen with a list of goals needed. Gregg Schoenberg, team captain at Johnson School of Business at Cornell believes that selecting criteria about the right candidate should be the candidates personality, little what he has done. So it makes sense to look at candidates former job performance. The candidates attitude towards the company is important for the interviewer as well as for the company regarding the banking sectory, which discloses great turnovers.KimFennebresque (CEO of SG Cowen) says that an employee should like the job he or she does. Concentraiting on technology and emerging markets, the potential associates of SG Cowen should pass on advanced knowledge in finance area and the ability to coif that. The job also demands high teamwork abilities, multiplicity, responsibility and flexibility. so interpersonal skills are unalterable. Before this recruitment process begins, the company should determine the potential argument schools to plan the presentation area on campus and also the positions that must be occupied. At long last, the company should know the time schedule and the summate of interviewers needed.SG Cowen has three opposite kinds of talent pools to find candidates that foregather best in their company. The following chapter reviews and evaluates their recruitment process and describes the different types and sources of candidates they subscribe. Candidates have the possibility any to complete three years at the firm as analysts or sham part in the companies summer internships to be sayed a vacancy. Candidates, who are promoted as analysts have for the most part no education from business schools. This source of internal recruiting offers the possibility to use internal job postings or just communicate the vacancy, instead of paying for on-campus presentations, recruiting events or advertising and then it is cheaper to promote people who are already familiar with the company and have already shown that they prope rly assemble in it.The secondary is impertinent recruiting, which focuses on the hiring of candidates from business schools. SG Cowen has six-fold different core schools to which they have direct contact and offers them the possibility to communicate and provide possible hires with all the information they need, through company presentations or participating in the on-campus recruiting programs.The possibility to additionally take part in informational reviews is a well-grounded way for students to show their passion and how serious they are to get the job. At every school that SG Cowen recruits at on-campus, a team captain is assigned to provide students with a continual and familiar point of contact. The fact that these team captains are banking professionals and not gay resource professionals makes them able to provide students with the information they are really facial expression for, simply on the other hand they may be generally looking for skills instead of persona lity and personal background of applicants. SG Cowen also accepts applications of candidates from non-core schools, but these candidates have a dis good in showing their interest and gathering information about the job. Schoenberg, who was not attending a core school described this as unfair, but describes them as great hires because they need to show more initiative, be more focused and invest more effort. solely in all, these internal and external resources provide SG Cowen with a good and wide-eyed pool of possible candidates, however there is the risk to have students with little variety when only foc using on core school applicants.After rsums are collected and interviews are conducted the senior and interviewing associates have to reduce the amount of possible candidates, who can take upgrade part in the process. This reduction could already lead to the loss of whatsoever very good applicants. Then the following on-campus round tests the cultural fit and is intended to p reselect candidates for Super Saturday. On Super Saturday each(prenominal) applicant has eight-fold interviews with different bankers of the firm. These managing directors then decide for themselves whether the candidate is a good fit for the company, but this way of evaluating can result in big disagreements and disadvantages. one and only(a) director may see the great attitude of an applicant as more important than his technical skills, while another would take the polar faith. The worst scenario for applicants would be the different personal opinions of the directors leading to a ill-judged estimation and result in disqualification of the candidate.Afterwards, there are group decisions. The biggest taskof these decisions is that interviewers already have their impression of the applicant and it is often difficult to convince them of the contrary. Often the majority of directors vote similar, so there might be no way to discuss the outcome, if one thinks he has a candidate who is a perfect fit for the company. To summarize, it can be said that the hiring process of SG Cowen makes sure that new employees fit well and that they only want to get the best talents for their company. The evaluation of the candidates abilities in form of notes is a great way of remembering each candidate and to make sure everybody can participate in the following group discussions to represent his opinion about the applicant. Besides the disadvantages of non-core to core business schools this ensures that the recruiting process is fair because every applicant who participates on Super Saturday has equal chances to be offered the vacancy.The possibility to offer vacancies to people who completed an internship and analysts is also a very good alternative to hiring people from external resources because they know the company very well and have already proven to be a good cultural fit, they have learned a lot about SG Cowen and are acquainted with the real employees. In contrar y SG Cowen has to contact previous employers to get to know external candidates and check if the provided information is accurate. We think the super Saturday is a bit grave for candidates as well as interviewers. The fact that there are multiple interviews distributed throughout the whole day seems very exhausting and we think it is stern to make the right decisions at the end of such a hard day of work. Also there is no guarantee that the applicant accepts the job offer. They might have other possible job offers, which they would rather like to accept and this would result in a high risk for SG Cowen regarding that they only have a fixed number of vacancies and try to fill all of them.SG Cowen declined candidates for low technical skills, so it is very important for candidates to have this skill. Therefore the knowledge of Finance & Accounting, Prioritizing, Creativitiy and Modeling are mandatory for our applicants. Our Group takes the aforementioned(prenominal) opinion as the company, because the training process after the recruiting would be long and expensive. Furthermore we support the decision that candidates with low skills can be eliminated earlier. In the present time work ethic is an important factor for employees, particularly for a boutique Investment Bank like SG Cowen, where teamworking is invitable. This expects also a certain level of flexibility and work motivation.The statement of Fennebresque The type of person who does well here doesnt want to be told what to do. He or she is far less regimented. This is not the Navy. We want theself-starter shows that SG Cowen appreciates leadership. A candidate can show his/her leadership skills from previous work. social skills are relevant in businesses, where there is a high level of contact to client and associates. beloved verbal communition is especially necessary for the candidates, which should be taken with serious pertain/presence.Like the most companies of the world SG Cowen wants to hire the candidates for the longterm. The best Investment banking talents are highly coveted and hard-fought in the job market. So there is a high probability that the employee could be courted from other banks. Thus it seems it is effectual to estimate the commitment to the firm. The Bankers have to make a lot of decision through their professional life. The characteristics of judgment and maturity are an important criteria. In our Opinion is the utilization of this factor is appropriate. Nevertheless we have an improvement tracing for the evaluation form. It is possible that all of the interviewer priotize the factors different. Therefore we recommend a strandarized lesson with fixed priotization for each skill.To Change from a subjective evaluation to a standardized and objective evaluation, we set the emphasis for the factors. The emphasis is based on our analysis of the recruiting process, the statement of Chip Rae and the evaluation form. The technical skills in the busine ss of investment banking are a critical requirement. SG Cowen has a competitive advantage with their core competency from research. This is the reason that technical skills should get the highest weight (35%). SG Cowen is a small boutique company, so the candidate needs to show good teamwork and also should have a high motivation to enter the company. From this reason we have given the factor work ethic 20%. leading is a very important criterion. As we can see in the last years, the market is changes fast and steadly. Therefore SG Cowen needs employees who can learn very fast and are self-starters. This could be picked up on the statements of Schoendberg and Fennebresque. Interpersonal skillscomplement andsupport the factor Leadership. Because somebody, who can learn very fast and has also awfully good communication skills, could be assumed responsible. So we gave each of the criteria 15 %. At the end are the judgment/maturity criteria. The Banker has a lot of situations, where they have to decide. So it is also important to have a particular skill of judgment, but it is our opinion the least important criteria in this evaluation form. We gave these criteria a weight of 5 %. Further details to the criteria can be found in the Appendix.Evaluation of the 4 candidatesThrough the interviewing-process, four candidates were categorized as maybes, so their pros and their cons were pretty much balanced. Just two of these four candidates can be selected, because SG Cowen has only has two additional jobs left hand to offer. To make a reasonable decision we decided to rate them using the linear model. In this model we used the weights mentioned above according to different parameters to develop a scorecard for each of the remaining candidates.

Hijab in the Muslim World

Being raise in a society where mass generally tend to think Islamic female are squeeze to conduct the Hijab headscarf. I was five or six years oldish when I started eating away the Hijab it wasnt my parents who forced me to wear it was my choice. My m opposite besides said if you weart know the reasons you wearing the Hijab then dont wear it at all. However, women who wear the Hijab seem major discrimition in regard of employment opportunities. But in former(a) part of the humankind as shabina state Hijab hits runway. Even though Hijab is popular in the Muslim world I in addition learned that France and other European countries were attempt to ban the Hijab. Also note that France has a lot of Muslim immigrants.These countries guide no right to ban the Hijab because they did not conduct studies on this topic. harmonise to the Quran it states by saying O Prophet Say to your wives and your daughters and the women of the sheepfold to draw their outer garments (jilbabs) close around themselves. (5933) whizz cannot judge pietism or culture well enough to make a affirmatory judgment. Judging isnt something everyone can ignore. For Muslim women, wearing the Hijab is a abbreviate of reverence, modesty and submission. However, many non-Muslims go through the head scarf and modest change state with confusion, all the same taking offense at what seems to be restrictive, anti-feminist clothing. Since girls and women of all ages wear the Hijab, questions are being asked in the schoolyard or office about this. n the western society, well-nigh women have this idealogy that women should look beautiful to attract men. most western women would have hard time understanding the reason tail assembly why muslim women wear the hijad. The reason behind wearing the Hijab is to keep open the men from staring. When Prophet Muhammad was spreading the word about Islam, women just think up their heads with a scarf that still showed their chest, neck and ears. How ever, Allah later directed that women should cover all parts of the body except for the hands and stage.Prominent Muslim scholars distilled these teachings into an easy-to-fol hapless method that uses the scarf, or khimar, to conceal immodest parts. However, two-third of Muslim women know they willing be refused for work the reason being they are wearing the Hijab. in that location is study conduct by Ghumman shows women who wear the Hijab tend to have low exception when it comes to a receiving job offers than a Muslim female without the Hijab. even if they are given the job the interaction with the clients are minimum.It wont be that hard for muslim women to compete in this year olympic. the international weighlifter federation (IWF) changed the rule to allow muslim women who are cover and wearing islamic dress to compete. These muslim women from the United Arabs of Kingdom wil be making history in the london olympics. allowing these women to participate in the competetion, it would allow other muslim covered women to not feel alienase walking around the airpot or the mall. Hijab style has changed dramactily as time went by.In the modern world, many Muslim women try to find different styles to wear the Hijab. For example if one lives in western society they tend to adopt the culture that surrounds them. Over time, women began personalizing how the coveredshortening and tightening their coats, donning smaller scarves. The market responded by producing to a greater extent quaint clothing choicesscarves with sequins, tassels, and bold patterns fashion shows demonstrating the latest in Islam. (Hijab hits runway By shabina Khatri ) To add to that there are 7 different kind of headscarf. The Hijab comes from a myriad of styles and colors. This type most commonly worn in the wolfram is a square scarf that covers the head and neck but leaves the face clear. The khimar is a long, cape-like veil that hangs down to just above the waist. The chador, worn by many Ir anian women when outside the house, is a full-body cloak. The niqab is a veil for the face that leaves the area around the eyes clear. However, it may be worn with a separate eye veil.The burka is the most concealing of all Islamic veils. It covers the entire face and body, leaving just a mesh concealing to see through. The shayla is a long, rectangular scarf popular in the disjuncture region. The al-amira is a two-piece veil. As I had already wrote, being raised in a culture different than yours you tend to change your view of point. If a person lives in turkey they think wearing the hijab is more suitable than woman who lives in France will feel discriminated. I also conduct a survey on six plenty on their view of the Hijab.Some of the question I asked were there age, gender, if they knew what the Hijab was, if it was a unearthly or cultural practice, if they thought this was a religious obligation, if they thought Muslim girls were forced to wear. Four under the age of 18. On e was 18 and one person was over forty. They all knew what Hijab was, three thought it was cultural practice, the other three said it was a religious practice 5 people said Hijab was an obligation. The last question two preferred not to cause it out of the four who answered said yes we as Muslim girls are forced to wear. The other two said no.

Isolation and Loneliness in Of Mice and Men Essay

In the new Of Mice and Men the theme of loneliness and isolation can hardly be ignored as in that respect argon elements of them in key moments in the bosh.Isolation and loneliness plays a huge role in the story and some of the points that make this book a very gripping read, they besides put things across that most of us would not engage imagined in the first place.George and Lennie play the biggest part to the themes of loneliness and isolation. When they first arrive at the paste every carcass is very surprised to see two itinerant proceeders travelling around together. The night before George and Lennie come to the spreading they ar school term by the brush they say to individually former(a) Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world They gullt hold up no placeBut not us Because I got you to weigh after me, and you got me to look after you.George and Lennies dream of themselves owning a ranch together and having a house with two separat e bedrooms for each other, this in the day the book was written was very strange because wad carry through themselves to themselves and travel on their own they would do almost anything to share a room with somebody just for the company. But George and Lennie arent lonely and they urgency their own space away from other people.All of the other workers are not afraid to tell George and Lennie that they find it strange that two workers are travelling together and Lennie can tho speak when George lets him. The ranch proprietor tells George that he will keep an eye on them because George may be trying to take something from George, for standard his money. This is a perfect example of how people thought intimately workers travelling together.A good point about having friends on the ranch is if you get in a fight you have someone to stick up for you. An example of this is when Curley starts to hit Lennie he does secret code until George tells him that he can hit back and so he does and Curley gets what he probably deserves.The friendship that George and Lennie has is very important especially to Lennie because most other people would not be able to put up with him beingness a pest and causing them to loose their previous job in weed due to Lennie doing something stupid. If it was not for these two friends looking out for each other Lennie would probably been killed a lot earlier on in the story and not by George.Curleys married woman is also a great example of loneliness and isolation on the ranch.Steinbeck does not knuckle under her a name. That makes her feel unimportant and she is not wanted, even though she plays a big part in the novel about the themes of dreams and in a way stops Lennie and George from getting their own dream of their own ranch.She is the completely woman on a ranch full of men. This means that on that point is an immediate sense of loneliness because if any of the workers are caught flirting with her there will be trouble because C urleys dad is the ranch proprietor and he can get the workers sacked if his son tells him to, so Curleys wife has to stay in her house all day and the only person she can really express to is Curley. Towards the end of the novel when Curleys wife is talking to Lennie in the barn it is the first time in the whole novel when she actually has a full conversation with anybody.She opens up to Lennie and tells him things that she has never told anyone else before, probably because she has nobody else to talk to. She really lets her hair set down and tells him all sorts of things like she tells him that she does not like to only have to talk to Candy because she does not like him and that he is not a dainty person. The only reason why she married him was so that she can evade her previous life at home. She also says Think I dont like to talk to somebody ever once in a while? Think I like to stick in that house alla time.On the ranch Candy is another perfect example of loneliness and iso lation. Because he is old and disabled the other workers have a different attitude to him. His equivalent to a friend on the ranch was hi old dog. Because his dog was old and no longer profitable so they kill it. Candy hopes they shoot him when he gets unable to do any work.At the very end of the novel when Lennie has killed Curleys wife and Curley is hunting him down. George is the one to kill Lennie because they were friends and he wanted no body else to shoot him. This shows friendship even when Lennie has done something very bad up until his last moment George can still find it in his affection to be kind to Lennie.

Effects of Osmosis on Living Tissue Essay

What is the effect of osmosis on a slice of tater in varying salt resolutions? Six different assiduousnesss of salt irrigate (0%, 0,4%, 0,8%, 1,2%, 1,6% and 2,0%) will be used in order to observe how the inserted white potato vine slice changes. The length of the potato slice will be deliberate before and after leaving it for 24 hours in the various solutions. surmiseSalt solutions will be hypertonic to the potato cells thus fall it in size as placed in higher solutions.Materials 6 petri dishes Fresh potato sticks Dissecting razor blade Ruler Distilled H2O, 0,4% NaCI solution, 0,8% NaCI solution, 1,2% NaCI solution, 1,6% NaCI solution, 2,0% NaCI solution mental process(Obtained from the worksheet)1. Obtain 6 Petri dishes 0.4% NaCl 0.8% NaCl 1.2% NaCl 1.6% NaCl 2.0% NaCl.2. Add enough of the appropriate liquids to nearly invade each of the Petri dishes.3. Obtain six fresh potato strippers. Using a razor blade, angle deoxidize ane end of each strip to a beveled point.4. Meas uring from the tapered end, carefully and precisely angle cut each strip to a length of 70 mm so that two points are on the same side of the strip.5. Place hotshot measured potato tissue strip into each of the prepared Petri dishes. turn the dishes and leave undisturbed for 24 hours.6. After 24 hours, remove the strips of potato, one at a time, immediately measuring the length (mm) of each.Data ingatheringGroup 1Test Solutions (% salt) Initial Length li (mm) lowest Length lf (mm) Change in Length l (lf li) (mm) in pliableness of the violateDistilled H2O 30 mm 33 mm +3 mm Solid, Hard0,4 30 mm 32 mm +2 mm Solid, hard0.8 30 mm 31 mm +1 mm conciliatory1.2 31 mm 31 mm 0 mm Flexible, soft1.6 31 mm 30 mm -1 mm real flexible, soft2.0 31 mm 30 mm -1 mm very flexible, softGroup 2Test Solutions (% salt) Initial Length li (mm) Final Length lf (mm) Change in Length l (lf li) (mm) Rigidity of the StripDistilled H2O 42 mm 46 mm +4 mm Hard0,4 42 mm 44 mm +2 mm Hard0.8 42 mm 41 mm +1 m m Flexible1.2 42 mm 40 mm -2 mm Flexible1.6 42 mm 39 mm -3 mm Flexible2.0 42 mm 39 mm -3 mm Very flexibleData ProcessingGroup l (mm) Distilled H20 l (mm) 0.4% NaCl l (mm) 0.8% NaCl l (mm) 1.2% NaCl l (mm) 1.6% NaCl l (mm) 2.0% NaCl1 +3 mm +2 mm +1 mm 0 mm -1 mm -1 mm2 +4 mm +2 mm +1 mm -2 mm -3 mm -3 mmAverage l (mm) +3.5 mm +2 mm +1 mm -1 mm -2 mm -2 mmResultIn both groups the size of the potato increased when put into distilled H2O, 0,4% solution and 0,8 solution. From 1,2% solution and upward, the size of the potato stayed the same or decreased in both groups. One last similarity is that from 0,8% solution onwards the rigidity of the potato strip changed from hard to flexible and soft.ConclusionDifferent engrossments of solute do simulate the length of the potato strips. Our data shows that piss moved from lower solute concentration to higher solute or descriptions of trends shown concentration. Hypertonic solutions, which have higher solute concentration and indeed gra phs. The explanation should contain lower water concentration, cause the cells to lose mound and shrivel because water moves out observations, trends or patterns of the cell through the plasm membrane. This was the case with the slice left in salty where revealed by the data.the adjudicate lost 9.09% of its original mass. Hypotonic solutions, on the contrary, have lower solute concentration and higher water concentration and cause the potato cells to expand because the water moved into the cells. In this case, the distilled water and the tap water samples were hypotonic to the potatoes and whence the potato slices gained 54.4% and 17% mass respectively. These results also indicate that the distilled water was more(prenominal) hypotonic than the tap water compared to the potatoes as the water mass gained by the potato slice was considerably higher in distilled water.

Global Communication: Book Report

Book Report orbicular confabulation (By Yahya R. Kamalipour) Publisher Thomson Wadsworth grade of Publication 2007 Book Report Written By Husain Ebrahim / de sharement of Mass communication at Grambling State University. The author of the Global Communication book is Yahya Kamalipour a professor of mass communion and head of the de fictional characterment of parley and creative arts at Purdue University. His research interests be intimately(predicate) papers related to planetary confabulations such as, humanity(prenominal) converses, globularization, recent conference technologies, and media impact.In this book, the author collected researches that are related to the orbicular communication topic from 14 incompatible researcher, and actual this Global Communication book. According to Kamalipour that the dry land-wide communication theory were there since the nations were funded and connection among tribe started. However, communication styles and tools ar e changing and improving. In addition, international communication did not cause any dispute amid nations until it starts to influence horticultures, transport believes, and opinions.Furthermore, the writer discusses the manhood(a) communication as a comp binglent of the term globoseization that predicted by marsh solely McLuhan in the 1960s. Although, there are sev eonl components for world(prenominal)ization economic, politics, culture, complaisant, and communication, but communication is the most notable aspect. More everywhere, Kamalipour claims that international communication is still a emergence field that fits low most of the humanity sciences as, mass communication, international relations, politics, economics, social science, managements, and earth administrations.Further, the area of planetary communication is growing rapidly and admit to be investigated more because the significant enjoyment it plays in solving conflicts between nations. The book theme started discussing the definition of the globalization term to reach an organization on the role of communication. After the author produce a historical view of global communication, and how it discontinueed, added to the theories that supported the global communication.Next, the book emphasis the role that the economy played in changing the way of communicating, and the governmental regulations on the global communications. In addition, Kamalipour explained the compounds that came with the emerge of new communication technologies, specifically the profits. consequently the author moved to clarify the impact and the way that the communications changes others cultures by the cultivation flow. Finally, the book addresses the impact and influence of the media on changing cultures specially politics by using propaganda or advertisement.Chapter 1 Following the diachronic Path of Global Communication Allen Plamer who mentioned the background of the global communication studies, and explained the different stages of improving the networks of global communication conducted this chapter. The author started this chapter by explaining the role of the geographical space on communication and how it used to be a barrier. Additionally, global communication started since the pharaonic civilization expanded its rule to reach southernmost Europe, North and South Africa, and a part of Asia hence, the geographical space was the mind of the need of global communication.Moreover, preaching and religious activities similarly increased need of communicating with other cultures. Later, the printing press and knowledge explosion era has solved an enormous problem that was facing the intercultural communicators, added to the new communication scientists who developed the international network in the 19th century. Chapter 2 Drawing a Bead on Global Communication Theories Kamalipour has used the research that fundament Downing conducted in collecting the mass communication theories that contributed in explaining the global communication.Downing has just used the normative theories as an only example of theories for the global communication. After, the author curtly explains the differences between the imperious, libertarian theories and comparing the way that the soviets used to pass around globally as an example. Chapter 3 Global Economy and Global Telecommunications Networks In this chapter, Harmeet Sawheny wrote the history of the relation between the global economy and global communication starting from the 13th century, or what he named as the pre- groundbreaking world when people used to trade spices and silk.In addition, in that era, there were imperialism, and some(prenominal) powerful nations in Asia and Europe were created in the same time. Hence, those nations used to communicate to influence and change cultures or to trade goods. According to Sawheny later in the 19th century, the modern world occurred, and it was known as the electro nic imperialism era. To this end, the global media flow to through over the nations and issued several networks of telecommunications to find new markets.Chapter 4 The Transnational Media stool and the Economics Kamalipour adopted this chapter from a research was conducted by Richard Gershon a professor in the information management and telecommunications. Gershon in his research illuminates the reason of globalizing the media corporations, which he claims that the main reason is finding new market with a bigger volume of audiences. Moreover, the new idea of free market trade also encouraged the media corporations to expand its distribution and go globally.For example, the transitional media corporations, which means one company, expand its production to different media content such as, magazine, press, cable T. V. , websites, books, and entertainments earlier than just producing one media. Afterward, the writer suggests near elements that can help media corporations to develop strategies that would ferment the steps globalize their products easier and faster. Chapter 5 Global Communication righteousness After discussing the economic role and its global trend, Kamalipour added this chapter to explain the regulations of global communications.This part of the book was a part of a research that was accomplished by John Huffman, Denise Trauth, and Jan Samoriski. The researchers illustrated the differences between cultures, which would be a reason of a conflict between cultures. Therefore, laws and regulations were created to reduce the conflict between cultures, and to increase the level of prise to other cultures in the media content. Furthermore, authors argument was that because of the cultural differences it is hard to accept a law that all global media would accept.Additionally, they analyse the new history of global media laws such as, the role of freedom of expression, the right of silence, and the way of censorships and limitations. In fact, they w rote about examples of media censorships and limitations in the United States and other parts of the world. Finally, the chapter ended with mentioning the role of new communication technologies in changing the global communication laws, and the internet was their example.Chapter 6 Global News and Information Flow in the Internet jump on The author of this chapter was Kuldip Rampal who started the chapter by citing the history of media agencies and the role it played in the global information flow. After, Rampal mentioned the current role of those major parole agencies in the information age that we are living in today. Further, Rampal named explained how do major news agencies such as, France Press, Associated Press, ITAR-TASS and Interfax, Reuters, and United Press serve all media in the globe. Chapter 7 International BroadcastingAfterward Kamalipour presented Joseph Straubhaar and Douglas Boyd research about international broadcasting. This chapter studied the reason that encour aged the media to broadcast and distribute in the global market. In addition, authors lighted some main events that raised the need of global communications such as, wars between nations, economics, politics, propaganda, and religious. As an example of international broadcasting, the authors named Voice of America, BBC, Arab-American oil color Company, U. S. Military, CNN, Orbit, and Sky News.Finally the authors studied the history of propaganda, and they argument was that propaganda was the main factor of international broadcasting. Chapter 8 The Global Implication of the Internet Challenges and Prospects George Barnett and Devan Rosen in this chapter studied the internet and its role in human civilization. First, chapter starts by claiming that the reason of the great advantage of the internet is the two-way of communication that it features. Second, the social network was given as an example of the internet success.Lastly, authors illustrated internet through showing the struct ure of its networks, and the technological idea of building networks. Chapter 9 Milestone in Communication and issue Development In this chapter, Vibert Cambridge discusses the idea and the need of developing communications abilities for all societies, his argument is the gap of media power between cultures could cause a conflict. Moreover, he started explaining his point of view through using the example of using the media as a powerful weapon in World War II.Further, Cambridge express some examples of efforts that have been made to develop communication abilities in progeny of countries USA, Turkmenistan, Eritrea, and the Caribbean Community. Additionally, he encourages the UNICEF efforts of helping some countries to develop their communication abilities. Finally, to develop communication abilities, the author suggested some strategies public awareness campaigns, social marketing, entertainment education, and advocacy. Chapter 10 The Politics of Global CommunicationThe politic s of global communication was adopted from a research was done by Cees Hamelink, who wrote the history politic global communication that started in the 19th century. Next, the author addresses the current practices of politics in global communications by giving some examples of financial issues, prop rights, and mass media ownership. Chapter 11 Global Communication and Propaganda Kamalipour retrieved the relationship between propaganda and the global communication from Richard Vincent research, who marked the origins of propaganda in the 17th century.After, the author discussed the propaganda definition and its connections with public relations and public diplomacy. Moreover, the chapter provides readers with some example of propaganda in war times. In addition, the Vincent mentioned the strategies of propaganda campaigns, which are labeling the idea, associating the issue or figure with a noble term, image transfer, persuading the audience that their idea should be the same as ot hers, and using facts to urge others. Lastly, the author discussed the use of propaganda in terrorism as an example.Chapter 12 Global Advertising and Public Relations Later Kamalipour, used Dean Kruckeberg and Marina Vujnovic article as a source for this chapter of his book. Researchers start point in this chapter was their accordance of the role of public relations in reducing the gap between the organization and its public. Hence, they briefly discussed the history of public relations and its western sandwich origins. Moreover, authors discussed the culture differences that influence the public relations practices and advertisements.For instance, dealing with democratic culture societies is easier than authoritarian societies. In addition, the chapter covers the part culture features that cause changes in the global advertising and public relations such as, environmental challenges, population growth, poverty and hunger, and wars. Further, authors briefly discussed those diffe rences and the role of information gap between among the first, second, and third worlds. Chapter 13 Communication and Culture Christine Ogan in this chapter define the culture as a assemblage of people who share the same understanding of life.However, culture used to change slowly, but in the recent global communication era, it is much easier to make significant cultural changes in a society. In fact, the author blames the western culture to be the most influential culture in the world because the strength of their media. Additionally, there are some cultures that adopt the change easily, and others repulse the change. Moreover, global communication contributed in finding the term of stereotype for example, the world view of America as a pop culture.Chapter 14 Patterns in Global Communication Prospects and Concerns Finally, Kamalipour conclude his Global Communication book with a chapter that was written by Leo Gher. This chapter includes examples of current global communication application that are used around the world such as, the global artificial satellite system, and global internet services. Additionally, Gher points that some of the concerns of global communications are the concealment and information conflict, and trend of having one large culture in the world with vanishing other cultures.Global Communication is the second edition of the book therefore, it has been enhanced and added some updates about some significant events such as, the role of 9/11 terrorist attacks on international communication, internet and its global impact on communications, and suggested readings in that area. Even though, the book was loaded with a broad contents and issues of global communications that were written in about 355 pages, it was well organized under 14 chapters.Moreover, reader can touch the high skill indite abilities that Kamalipour has, from the way that the book content flows between the topics, and the basic English that he used to help all readers to understand and enjoy the content. Further, chapters were divided by the piece so the reader can easily reach the information that he is looking for without the need of looking in the exact orders of chapters. According to Kamalipour, the think audiences of this book are researchers, journalists, international agencies, enterprises, and students.However, my criticism about the book is that it has so many repeated parts of chapters for example, propaganda that was discussed in two different chapters added, to the repetition of same ideas about the cultural impact and change in many chapters. Therefore, I think the book serves the audiences who are looking for a part of the content, but not for students who will read and study all over the book. References Kamalipour, Y. (2007). Global communication. (2nd ed. ). Belmont, CA Thomson Wadsworth.

Osmosis Lab Report Essay

upriseThe objectives of this seek laboratory was to be able to create models of cells with the dialysis render to show us how the plasma membrane is selectively permeable, to study the effects of osmosis on a model cell, and to foresee the effect of solute concentration on osmosis. In shape to achieve these objectives, we had to meet the dialysis tubing with either pee, or different amounts of saccharose. We hence tied off the tubes and put them into beakers of distilled pee to see how the color mixtured in the bag/beaker. The result was that the more saccharose in the bag, the great the net jalopy.IntroductionThe reasons for doing this lab are so that we bottom learn except about osmosis with a model similar to a cell and so that we idler fix a better understanding of the process and nature of osmosis. Osmosis is circulateing but with water molecules. A concentration gradient exists and because of this, diffusion of solutes cant happen. Very select things can pass in and out, much(prenominal) as water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. In this situation, a large molecule of amylum would be dissolved in water because the molecule is too macro to fit through the membranes pores. Since the membrane in permeable to water molecules, it causes the water molecules to diffuse from an area of high water concentration to an area of sm wholly-scale water concentration.This movement itself is osmosis. To determine if the concentration of solutions is isotonic (solute is equal to the cell), hypotonic (solute is lower orthogonal of the cell), or hypertonic (solute is higher outside of the cell), you amount the total amount of particles in the solution. My venture is if the dialysis tubing that is filled with sucrose solution and fully emerged in a beaker of distilled water, then the water depart seep into the dialysis tubing and the tubing will become a greater mass. The in interdependent variables in this lab are the beakers of distilled water, and th e amount of sucrose (0.2-1.0M). The dependent variables are the final mass of the bag, the change in the mass of the bag, and % change in the mass of the bag. The control is the amount of sucrose solution and distilled water (10ml).* Rinse out the medicine cup between solution uses. founding fathert forget to gently squeeze out the excess air in bags. * Tie off the other end of all dialysis tubing with a piece of string. Run the bag under water for just a moment. After, gently squeeze the bag to check if it is leaking. If theres a leak, be sure to retie it tightly/tighter. * Dry the outside of the tubing with a paper towel and use the balance to poster the mass of all 6 bags separately. Record the sight. * Place the bags into their corresponding beakers and fill the beakers with distilled water enough that the dialysis tubing is completely submerged in the distilled water. reckon 30 minutes to let osmosis happen.* After the eras up, get rid of the bag from the beakers, wipe of f excess liquid gently, and record the bags masses separately. Record the masses. * For all solutions, subtract the initial mass from the final mass to get the change in mass of the bag. Record the positive or negative results. * For all solutions, take the results from the last step and divide it by the initial mass, then multiply it by 100 to get the per centum change in mass for each bag. Record the percentages. * Calculate the come apart average % change in mass for each solution.Record results. Results tidingsThe data is stating that the mass has risen after the 30 minute clock time period. Osmosis has occurred, because the water molecules have diffused into the dialysis tubing. I have concluded that my hypothesis was correct, since the date reinforces that the mass is greater after being put into the beakers of distilled water. several(prenominal) sources of error couldve been when we found out that one of our bags was leaking, another would be when the sucrose solution wa s spilled out of the dialysis tubing and it got all over the outside and we mightinessve not wiped off all of the solution off. More errors could be not covering the bags completely with distilled water or not leaving the bags in the beakers for exactly 30 minutes. Some modification that could be made to the lab to improve it could be having the same length of tubing/string, and stopwatches for timing 30 minutes exactly.Also, putting the tubing in at the same time so the timing is all on point could help with accuracy. Questions that came to header during this lab were Is the timing correct and how much will it affect the results? are the solutions of sucrose sitting in the bags waiting while we fill the others passage to change/be affected? Are any of the bags leaking or have any excess solution outside of the bag? Further research could be why the sucrose solution doesnt diffuse through the membrane and what other solutions would have a similar effect as the sucrose solution. AcknowledgementsThank you to all of my sources including my lab partners Emily Bartholet, Emily Shephard, and Juliana Hartlove, the AP Biology Lab paper, Ms. Bell, and biology.arizona.edu for all of your help and assistance.SourcesAP, C. B. (2008). AP Biology Lab 1 Diffusion & Osmosis Activity 1b Osmosis. schoolchild Background Information. The Biology Project. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012.

Black&Decker Corporation Essay

blue & Decker was incorporated in 1910. Begun by Duncan grisly and Alonzo Decker, disastrous & Deckers first mogul tool was an electric car recital in 1916. They went on to develop and offer the first port fit screwdriver, electric hammer, as well as finishing sanders and jigsaws all the way up to the hugely successful dust buster in 1978. Over the coterminous 70 years, the family established itself as dominant come upon in government agency tool and accessories, first in the United States and then accros a broad global front but particularly in europe. exploitation was achieved by adding to its lineup of power tools and accessories and by increasing its penetration of more than than and more foreign commercialisesSymptons, Issues and ProblemsIssues in this movement is diversification system runned by downhearted & Decker corporation. As a diversified global manufacturer and commercialiseer of crime syndicate, commercial, and industrial product, colour & Decker need to develop and choose the right strategy for diversification.This causa particularly discuss diversification of ghastly & Decker corporation during modern 1980s to early 1990s, where lightlessness & Decker which is established as dominant name in power tools and accessories, began to pursue diversification. It is because the continuing maturity of its core power tools business.During the 1980s Black and Decker had established themselves as a leader in the power tool industry. However, they were feels that the securities industry for such tools was maturing to the point where expansion at bottom the industry would provide little or no additional revenue enhancements so they decided to glow.Black and Decker began their expansion operation by acquiring popular Electrics housewares business, the leader in the industry, for $300 zillion in 1984. The success of the GE deal, and the reorganization efforts of their new chief operating officer Nolan Archibald, led Black and D ecker to act up on this path of learnings and diversification in other areas. Then, confused acquisitions and acquisition attemp do by Black & Decker in their strategy to diversified. scarce the biggest and most noticed was the acquisition of Emrat Corporation, a diversified manufacturer of industrial product, for a $2.8 one million million million in March 1988. This steps is considered to be precise noisome decisions made by Black & Decker.AnalysisChange in strategyIn the mid 1980s, Black & Decker feels that the power tool trade had matured to the point where there is no much room for farther growth. Black & Decker then decided to kind their corporate strategy from individual(a) business libertine into diversified comp any(prenominal).In 1984 they began to diversify. First they tried to pass out-of-door into the small household appliance market. Rather than create their own line, Black & Decker decided to acquire General Electrics unit of measurement of household a ppliances for $300 million. Although it was a small part of GEs high society, it held more market share than other houseware distributors (25 percent of the market and the leadership position). That acquisition gives an additional $500 million a year in revenue for Black & Decker because it was up to(p) to offer products like irons, coffee makers and toasterswhich.This began a turn out of acquisitions by Black and Decker expanding into discordant related and unrelated markets with varying levels of success. This various acquisitions allowed Black & Decker to offer even more new products such as portable woodworking tools and concentrateder drill bits. After all the new changes, Black & Decker Manufacturing Company similarly changed its name to Black & Decker Corporation to help market those changesThe successful story of GEs household appliance instalment acquisition in 1988, has triggered Black & Decker to tried again. Only this time the company of interest was American Stan dard Inc. American Standard had an impressive $127 million profit in 1987, which towered above the mere $70 million for Black & Decker. But then, the acquisition was unsuccessful.The Emhart acquisitionsThe failed attempts by Black & Decker in 1988 did not retard Black & Decker moves to acquiring other company. In 1989, Black & Decker acquiring Emhart for the equipment casualty of $2.8 billion, a price that 33% premium over Emharts preannouncement value. This acquisition may not hold in been the best move for Black & Decker because its dribble price dropped 15 points after the announcement of the acquisition. After difficult negotiation of exactly how the acquisition would occur, Black & Decker decided to pay for Emhart for the next 48 years.The deal put over $2 billion in good forget on Black & Deckers books and change magnitude debt to over $4 billion just before the credit markets were approximately to contract severely. With the exception of a few businesses like Price Pfi ster faucets and Kwikset locks, which represented just $600 million in sales, Emhart made no sense for Black & Decker. Several of its subsidiaries were quickly position on the block.But then suddenly the economy became sluggish and the market slowed down, Black & Decker stock slumped from a pre-acquisition $25 to $8 per share. Archibald (Black & Deckers CEO at that time) had to scramble to keep the company solvent. Archibalds plan was to cuckold off about $1.8 billion of Emhart assets to pay down debt while merging the companys line of Kwikset locks and Price Pfister Inc. plumbing fixtures with Black & Deckers offerings. According to Archibald, the plan would have been successful enough under blueprint economic conditions. However, he failed to sell the Emhart businesses for the set prices leaving a foresightful term debt of a hefty $3 billon and annual interest payments of more than $300 million.Black & Decker initially sold $1 billion in Emhart assets to reduce the interest c osts. It met this demand by selling whole pieces of Emhart and also by selling equipment and other assets. By 1991, Black & Decker reduced the debt acquired by more than 25%. From 1993 to 1996, Black & Decker sold off three segments of Emhart that did not prove to be strategic parts of the acquisition. By 1997, Black & Decker was able to toy its liquidity requirements and forethought chose to amortize the costs on a straight-line basis for the next 40 years.This shows that the acquisition of Emhart Corporation is a Black & Deckers bad move. Black & Deckers decision to acquire a company that was larger than $2.3 billion (revenues) Black & Decker itself, (the Emhart Corporation were $2.7 billion in revenues), was too risky and apparently Archibald didnt too aware about it.The purchase and acquisition of Emhart had proven a lack in the synergism required to make such purchases profitable. Also the company had not been able to reduce its amount of debt (primarily from the purchase of Emhart) over the subsequent 10 years. Archibald made miserable decisions in the Emhart acquisition, which impacted its profit margin, lowered its competitive advantage, and killed any chance of creating above-average returns.There are things that has to be done in holy order to ascertain whether the acquisition may create value for the shareholders, which is the CEOs primary responsibility. Effort should have concentrated on three requirement tests The showyness test.The industries chosen for diversification moldiness be structurally attractive or capable of being made attractive. The cost-of-entry test.The cost of entry must not capitalize all the future profits. The better-off test.Either the new unit must gain competitive advantage from its link with the corporation or vice-versa. Conceding the point that the purchase provided some benefits, such as increased market share and well-known consumer brands, the cost-ofentry and better-off tests provide evidence that the Emhar t purchase was really risky.Black & Decker SWOT AnalysisStrengths Brand cognizance is a strong attribute for Black and Decker. Black and Decker has a reputation for producing electrical engines, power tools and appliances. Black and Decker produce a variety of products in its respected industry, and it is winding in constant research and development (e.g., developing cordless appliances and tools, reversible batteries that are compatible with both tools and small appliances). Black and Decker have penetrated the market causing it to dominate market share in the industry.Weaknesses Black and Deckers reputation for quality tools and appliances has been decreasing. This was likely due to the fact that Black and Decker was picky dealing with its non-strategic businesses.Opportunities Opportunities to gain more market share by sponsoring dwelling improvement shows. Gain more market share with industrial market, by offering quantity-based deals and advertising the quality of its pr oducts.Threats Sears is the strongest competitor in the power tools division with 13.4 percent of the US market share. Black and Decker needs to be aware of new items that theconsumer can use and develop them before their competitors.Conclusion and passportWhen an industry became mature and not offered enough room for further growth, it is primal for a company to change their strategy to keep growing continuously. This is what Black & Decker did, although being a dominant player in power tools and accessories for many years, Black & Decker realized the industry is being mature, so they decided to change their strategy into a diversified company.To be successful, a diversified company should have a portfolio of product with unalike growth rates and different market shares. The portfolio composition is a function of the symmetry between interchange flows. High-growth product, that important for company to keep growth in the future, need batch of cash inputs. Low-growth product, product that already in maturity growth, should generate cash. How to balance between this two is the most important things in managing multi-business (diversified) company.The Emhart acquisitions is an example of bad acquisitions from Black & Decker in their strategy to diversified. There can be many reasons that an acquisition strategy fails to earn its cost of capital. An acquirer may have no real strategy to begin with and thus pay an unjustifiable acquisition premium right from the beginning. Or there may be a complete failure in executing a basically sound strategy. One major risk in acquisitions is the failure to faithful the gap that may exist between the strategic objectives and organizational mark of the new organization and those of the old. Issues such as new information systems and channels, management succession, new decision rights, and incentive systems must be planned cautiously in light of where competitive performance gains are expected to result.This case is a lso an example of the problems where mismanaged growth can bring diversification away from core businesses and core competencies rarely creates value for the shareholders. High leveraged acquisitions put the firm at higher financial risks, particularly when the firms products attend on business cycles. Shocks to the economy may result in insolvency and realizable bankruptcy. The company may have to sell assets at low prices to meet debt obligations. As financial markets become more and more sophisticated, investors may diversify more easily, thereby making corporate diversification less attractive. Firms must continue to strengthen their core competencies and sustain their competitive advantages.In conclusion, the fundamental reason for the failed acquisition is due to lack of long term planning, forecast and predicting of the return on investment relative to cost. The highly leveraged acquisition of Emhart place Black & Decker at higher financial risks, primarily when the firms products depended on business cycles. As result of the inherited debt and the unanticipated market fluctuations and weak economy may result in collapse or possible bankruptcy of the corporation. Black & Decker Executives lack of strategic direction and poor application of funds may lead the corporation to sell of assets at low prices or lay off employee to meet debt obligations.Our recommendation for this case is, Black & Decker should stick with its original vision that includes the consolidation of their portfolio. The company should continue in investing in, and strengthening, its core products within its existing portfolio, so that these products provide generate cash flow that will enable the company to introduce upon expansion opportunities.In the future, Black & Decker should consider international companies with strong recognition in the countries that they plan on expanding into, considering either acquisition, merger, or creating a pin venture. The affiliation between Black & Decker and these companies must create synergy in order to justify such deliberate moves and expansions. These planned executive decisions and actions will help Black & Decker to obtain competitive advantages which will result in aboveaverage returns, leading to greater investor wealth and value to its employees.

Littering in malaysia

Other than that, the SSE who living in urban ara produce 1. Keg of solid waste a day. This conduct to an estimated 30, 000 to 33,000 tones of waste being produced a day last year, compared to 22,000 tones o f solid waste produced daily in 2012. From the data, we can see that littering in Malaysia is getting from bad to www rise now. It may cause a lot of problems to our country. Thus, what are the problems our count try can face as a result of littering? Litter can affect local economy, oddly in tourist location s.When the aorist fetch to our country, it will give a bad impression for them. Indirectly, t hey and people in their country wont come to our country again. Elf they dont come to our coo entry, how can we can discharge money from them a lot of shop will close because there are nobody come and buy things in our country, economic opinion will happen soon Now, why a person dont need to throw snipe into a rubbish salt away and choose e to litter? Most of the people ar e lazy to walk to the rubbish bin to throw rubbish into itThey are very selfish ND dont know the government have to use the taxes that you pay to clean the e rubbish. Government will collect more taxes from people and everybody will yet loss I instead of get any benefits. Not exactly that, our country cant be develop because most of the money will be used to clean the rubbish. In Malaysia everywhere is full of rubbish bin but I r ally dont know why they are lazy to throw the rubbish into the rubbish bin. Because of lazy, s o legion(predicate) bad things will happen in our country. Lastly, what we can do to control this problem?We should keep a litter baa in our railcar and hang on to litter until we find a garbage receptacle. Besides, we moldiness make s ere your trash cans have tightening lids. Len our workplace, provide circle of containers for GA ravage and recyclables. What can government do to overcome this problem? The govern meet can create a Law to foster places from littering. For those who caught by the authorities must be fined heavily so that they will scared and behave themselves. I hope that this problem will be overcome as soon as possible. Why Singapore e can do it but Malaysia cant do it?

The Success Factors of Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon

The Success Factors of precedent hire Hong Kong battle of endurance contest Presented to The De crashment of tune Administration 2011-12 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This repost is athletic fielding the victory factors of monetary standard hire Hong Kong battle of endurance contest. It all in allow be collect the culture and info from questionnaire keep abreast and point groups. Also, it exit be through apprise authorised Performance control grid excessivelyl and mug up epitome that much rede the capital punishment and state of this marathon, thence falsify approximately recommendation. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This dissertation would non fuddle been possible unless hardly a(prenominal)one who bind the cultivation financing.It is an mention for our group to inter contemplate Mrs. Vivian So, the executive director of HKAAA, and Mr. Wong Ka Man, an committee of HKAAA. Our group a interchangeable would exchangeable to thank around histrions who at decennaryd our qu estionnaire survey and focus group. Their conniption and information gave us a bus of athletic take forer for this proclaim. I would like to parade my gratitude to my supervisor, Leonard Kwan and course leader, Johnny Chiu, whose encouragement, guidance and financing from the initial to the net level enabled me to develop an on a lower floorstanding of the subject.Lastly, we offer our impresss and blessings to all of those who supported us in distri notwithstandingively respect during the completion of the project. TABLE OF CONTENTS cite EXECUTIVE SUMMARY TABLE OF CONTENTS distinguish OF ILLUSTRATIONS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF APPENDICES CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 2. 1 Background of subject 2. PROBLEM averment 3. 2 Statement of the Problem 3. 3 The Assumption 3. 4 Methodology 3. 5 Limitation 3. FACTORS AFFECTING A EVENT 4. 6 overt record book sense 4. 7. 1 Social Environment pagan 4. 7. 2 Lifestyle 4. 7 Support from Stake call forers 4. 8. 3 Commercial Sponsorships . 8. 4 Partici boxershorts 4. 8. 5 Organizations 4. 8. 6 Non-pro jib organizations 4. 8. 7 Celebrities 4. 8. 8 General Public 4. 8. 9 Government 4. 8 potent shell Management 4. 9. 10 Event Planning 4. 9. 11 compassionate Resource Management 4. 9 Publicity 4. 10. 12 Word of babble 4. FINDINGS 5. 10 measure out primary(prenominal) Performance Grid 5. 11 fig up compendium 5. 12. 13 Strengths 5. 12. 14 Weaknesses 5. 12. 15 Opportunities 5. 12. 16 Threats 5. 12 Sustainability 5. 13 Potential for future development 5. CONCLUSION 6. RECOMMENDATIONS APPENDICES 2 1. Introduction 1. 1 Background of the Event wellspring-worn charter Hong Kong battle of marathon is one of the close to signifi shadowt and scar recreation out moldinesser up for Hong Kong. This slip by or sos type has been held annually e very(prenominal) Chinese radical Year. This resultant is oversize- surmount, with local and foreign quite a little engagement. archetype chartered Hong Kong battle of bat tle of marathon has been forgathering a bent of support from companies, organizations, unrestricted, government and tourist. Prior to example chartered Hong Kong marathon, it was named Shenzhen battle of battle of endurance contest and was held in 1996. Due to the lack of funds, model graphered sewert change state the statute title was sponsor of Shenzhen marathon.Afterward it has been named quantity hired Hong Kong battle of endurance contest. Since then the marathon has been held for 15 courses. In the beginning, the anatomy of office stafficipants of this answer was limited thousand and the sense was 1000. Until 2011, the bend of qualityicipant has attachd to much than 70,000 in 2012. 2. PROBLEM STATEMENT 2. 1 Statement of the Problem The purpose of this depict is to commence step forward the mastery factors of quantity chartered Hong Kong endurance contest. The issuance had a humble beginning, and very few Hong Kong nation showed pas clipping t o marijuana cig atomic heel 18tte the vagabond.After a few eld, standard undertake Hong Kong endurance contest has dineroed to gain its popularity in Hong Kong year aft(prenominal) year. The pillow slip has blend a Hong Kong branded versions pillow slip now. This report is to cultivation the factors that attri neverthelessed to its success. This report similarly investigates the possible st enume yardgies to sustain its success in the future. Based on the instrumentalist flesh of Standard undertake Hong Kong Marathon in historical 16 years, it showed in Chart 1. The figure indicates that the participant numbers ar gro take ong year after year. This privyvasd the event has been to a great extent(prenominal) wide accepted by spate in Hong Kong than opposite sports.Hence, how to this event successes in invokeing so more than than(prenominal) the great unwashed to insert every year leaves us to better deduct the effort behind its success. Thus, it seconds to project whether the event is sustainable in the future. 2. 2 The Assumption Our group assumes public acceptance, support from stake ac liveledgeers, effectual event management and publicity atomic number 18 the of import factor of success event. 2. 3 The Methodology In this report, we had social occasiond primary and secondary sources of information for the analysis of the critical success factors of Standard lead Hong Kong Marathon. 2. 3. 1 information Collection Secondary rese flexFirst of all, we had found a broadcast of character books in the library, for example, Successful Event Management, Event Sponsorship, Sports and Entertainment sign of the zodiaceting and Sports Marketing and so forth Also, we will let on the professional journals, such(prenominal) as the ledger of Business Research, Journal of Marketing Event Research, Journal of Marketing, Organizational Behavior and so forth Then, we will cast much information roughly the Standard hire Hong Kong Marathon success factors. Moreover, we had found the sports magazine, such as Sportsoho, these c argonered us to hit the hay to a greater extent nigh Standard hire Hong Kong Marathon.Moreover we found a lot of relevant information on the reports, such as, Singtao report, Mingpao newspaper, and so forthtera It evict help us to construe out much Standard contract Hong Kong Marathon information, such how can prep ar for the event. Moreover, we had utilise internet to find more secondary information. For example, using Google to research information cerebrate to Standard undertake Hong Kong Marathon. It can halcyon to research some useful information in the Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon, such as, prehistorical history and year the participant situation and so forthAlso, we used Wise newfounds to find some past news. Primary research First of all, we have interview with Miss Vivian, the executive handler of the Hong Kong Amateur Athletic Association (HKAA A) to get more information of Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon. So, we can have more information somewhat this event, such as the branch of marathon, brand construct etcetera Furthermore, we had fix questionnaires and used to interview with stakeholders such as, moon curser and supporter, to find out how they thumb or so Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon. We had interviewed them the days near the marathon.We had finished 384 interviews in disparate place, such as, sport ground, a competition ara etc. Then, it can help us to understand the clients behaviour and expectation. We ar using the next formula to decide the number of questionnaire n=z * se2 Where n = sample size n=1. 96 * 50%5%2 z= Confidence level =384 s= sample variance e= error acceptance The latest survey has a response rate 92 per cent, a sampling error of plus or negative 5 percentage points and a confidence level of 95 percent.On the early(a) hand, after the Standard Chartered Hong Kong Maratho n, we had interviewed with focus groups who be amateur sport members from The Citizen Athletic Association and The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Track and Field Team. We had interviewed with four focus groups that 5 to 6 hoi polloi in a group. We had asked lots of questions on how they feel on the Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon in narrate to help us to draw out the analysis. Lastly, we will use the following analytical methods to analysis the success factors of Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon. 2. 3. 2 analytic methods 1. Value Important Performance Grid 2.SWOT analysis The Value Important Performance Grid can help us to evaluate the performance and aras of improvement of Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon. Also, SWOT analysis can let us more understand the relative strength and weakness of this sport event for organizer perspective. 3. Factors Affecting a Mega Event 3. 1. Public acceptance Public acceptance is defined to be a clear individuation and social statuses have a favorable position. Also, it get the support and cognise of plenty and their ideas and direction is have to the homogeneous coating that can base a considerably reputation and give voice of rima oris . For example, Echoes of the Rainbow movie arrest in Hong Kong, a low-cost film production. At the beginning, this movie had few lot pay forethought. When this movie stock the best picture in the new generation of Childrens Film Unit Crystal Bear yield at the 60th Berlin Film Festival, in that location ar some batch start attending this movie. Since this movie had received an award, it caught everyones guardianship around this film. More muckle accept that this king of film and story. In 2008 capital of Red China Olympics was very triple-crown sport event. It is because the sportsmen from all over the world had come to support and participates in it. We all attach great splendor to this event.It is because this play has intimately recognition. Thi s paper approaches the topic by offset referencing to the present environs under the categories of social and lifestyle perspectives of the surviving environment in Hong Kong. gibe to the findings, we conjecture the public leads and analyze how the Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon can fulfill the necessarily and obtain public acceptance. 3. 1. 3Social Cultural Since 1996, downwind Lai Shan won the front well-nigh-ever Olympic gold medal for Hong Kong in the womens mistral boardsailing classify and was the first champion in the Asian Games representing Hong Kong, China.Since them, Hong Kong wake started paying more attention to our Hong Kong strikes. And government started investing a lot more bills and conviction in the pro exploit for Hong Kong sports. In plus, Lee Lai-Shan has received the ten virtually Outstanding Youth Award and the Bronze Bauhinia trail Award in recognition of her outstanding achievements in the international sports scene. A stating of h er on a wind surf board was erected in maintain of her near the beachfront at Cheung Chau. Hong Kong Sports Stars Awards is an annual election organized by the Sports federation Olympic Committee of Hong Kong, China.The purpose is to encourage athletes and teams to strive for excellence. Also, it can entrust role model sand inspiration for Hong Kong young community, thus help to promote sports development in Hong Kong. Moreover, it can encourage the communitys involvement in sports to further promote the sport culture in Hong Kong. Among them, Lee Lai-Shan has won numerous awards including 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2004. Government has withal encouraged the public to do more f are. And it promotes distinguishable sports and fare for us. Furthermore, nowadays mint are increasingly aware about their substantiallyness and peruse a legal counsel of living. In the Leisure and Cultural armed service Department of rosy-cheeked Exercise for All Campaign, Launched in April 2000, th e Healthy Exercise for All Campaign is a territory-wide event nitty-grittytly organized by the Leisure and Cultural service Department (LCSD) and the Department of Health (DH). With the slogan of Daily exercise suffers us fit, battalion of all ages can do it, the Campaign aims at face lifting the publics interest in exercising and encouraging them to exercise on a regular basis so that they can understand the benefits of exercising to health. This can show that doing exercise benefits for both body and caput.Also, regular exercising can improve the health conditions, and strengthens bodys resistance to illness, trains muscles, strengthens bones and helps observe osteoporosis. In addition since the outbreak of SARS on 2003, the public awareness to public health exercise caused more multitude to do exercise. All their incidents coincide with the repaid developing of participants in Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon from 2001 to 2006. Moreover, trial is one of the well- nigh popular sports and easily practiced by people of all ages. Also, streamlet can enhance physiological fitness, strength and willpower.Nowadays, ladder of the equipment has become more advanced technologically. The innovation of zip supplies, clothing and footwear which become to more lightweight and offer better protection. take upnel gears are how made with more eye-catching color, preferred by ladies who necessity to live and run in a more relaxed mood. For example, campaign shoes are now ultra-lightweight. space cage is widen to allow blue runners to wear comfortable with high up-tech arch boosters and the stronger induction of the foot to promote runners reflex, issue their agility, run faster. Also, windproof and breathable jacket make running more comfortable and gratifying.Furthermore, the technological advancements now even allow smart phones to measure the running speed and pacing. It is very convenience for runner and makes more people like this sport. 3. 1. 5Lifestyle Lifestyle is a mode of living that is identified by how people spend their time and resource, what they consider all-important(a) in their environment, and what they think of themselves and the world somewhat them. First of all, there is an unornamented relation between slow economical growth and desire for participation in sports event. In 2003, Hong Kong has a Severe Acute respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and tough impact the Economic. A government spokesman explained that the March to May this year. The unemployment rate and underemployment rate rose to a new high. It is because of the impact of Severe Acute respiratory Syndrome(SARS) on the labor market intensifies, consumption and tourism, the impact on intentness layoffs increase with an boilers suit sort out in employment. According to government year book2003 The labour market worsened abruptly in the first fractional(a) of 2003, mainly affected by the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) . The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate increased from 7. per cent in the first quarter of 2003 to an all-time high of 8. 7 per cent in May-July 2003. Also, Hong Kong economic situation in 2003 can showed the unemployment rate and the underemployment rate surged to record highs in the summer of 2003, a consequent of an abrupt economic downturn under the impact of SARS. (Chart 1) Chart 1 Unemployment and underemployment rates Amidst the slackened labour market conditions, overall labour earnings and wages proceed on a decline in 2003. The decline nevertheless narrowed down after the mid-year. (Chart 2) Chart 2 Earnings and wages year-on-year rate of change in capital terms) Since more people were unemployed, so that they have more time to use the spare time for exercise running. Also, running does not cost currency and is a low-consumption activity that is goodness exercise for most people. thitherfore, most people change their lifestyle. They are love to running. In additio n, running is good for health. It is because most of doctors state that running could enhance the breathing health of lung. So people started paying more attention to running. (App1) The Hong Kong Anti-Cancer Society besides suggests that people to do exercise 30mins every day, such as running.They claimed that, running can prevent the disease. Since then more people are interest in doing exercise. - Furthermore, the initiation Health Organization suggested people to do 150mins exercise every week. This can make the body became healthily and lengthen the life by 3years than without doing exercise. - - therefore, people adopt to health and good life time, they take action to running. It can benefit for their health.It can show that the Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon increase the participants sum of money to after 2003. Moreover, every person has different a room of living and habits. Their lifestyle reflects the attitudes and values of a person. Ms Vivian So, the execut ive director conductor of HKAAA tell that Running is not limited to any place and no need to pay any money. Anyone can do it. However, if one plays foot ball, basketball etc one needs to have a large group of players. Therefore, running is very convenient. This explains wherefore outmatch running has become popular in the present busy lifestyle of Hong Kong people.Leung Yiu-chung a member of the Legislative Council withal said that when he was young who like swimming, running, hiking, football, table tennis, volleyball etc. further most of sports need to have a collaborationist. After he started on the job(p), it become tricky to find a partner does exercise together. Therefore, he chose running because he can do it alone. He has been running which run for more than 20 years. Ken Yuen, Hong Kong Commercial B thoroughfarecasting Corporation e special(prenominal)(a) of presenter said that running need only sport shirts, pants and shoes which can be done alone.Running is ver y convenient for him. There is one thing in a common, more people working busily. It is demanding to meet friends to do exercise together. Therefore, running can fit in to the lifestyle of new generations. Then, a study on consumer air can explain why people join forces the Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon. We habituate the theories of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs to explain it. Consumer mien is the study of when, why, how, and where people do or do not buy a product. It blends elements from psychology, sociology, social anthropology and economics.It attempts to understand the buyer ending making process, both separately and in groups. It studies characteristics of individual consumers such as demographics and behavioral variables in an attempt to understand peoples wants. It too tries to assess lures on the consumer from groups such as family, friends, reference groups, and society in general. It is mean the consumer behavior is a buyer termination making process, it accommodates individual, groups. The groups are like the family, friends, media, leader or artist. Participant will influence with them when they make decision. Consumer behavior is The study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to require, secure, use, and stir of products, services, conveys, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society. Behavior occurs each for the individual, or in the context of a group (e. g. , friends influence what kinds of clothes a person wears) or an organization (people on the job make decisions as to which products the firm should use). We can understand consumer behavior is affect by individuals, groups, or organizations. The consumer behavior also knows peoples need.So, people join the Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon is effect by their making decision and what they needs. Otherwise, the participant also will use their knowledge, mystify to join it. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs (chart. xx) Maslows hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology, proposed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper A Theory of Human Motivation. Maslow after ext stop the idea to take his observations of humans innate curiosity. His theories parallel many a(prenominal) former(a)(a) theories of human developmental psychology, all of which focus on describing the stages of growth in humans.Maslow is use the terms physiological, safe, Belongingness and Love, Esteem, and Self-Actualization needs to describe the pattern that human motivations mainly move through. - The Needs can identify why participants join the Marathon. Physiological need is base on eating, drinking. Participates need a healthy body. Safety is meaning view public safety, such as how the events management digests lavish facilities to protect participants. Belonging and love is base on with friends, family together. Participants whitethorn join this event with friends, families.Esteem is the glo ry of participating in the induce to makes them satisfied. The self gainsay is when the participant makes a breakthrough in their finishing time or finishing the race by challenging their potential. - Participants join the race as they think that they can gain a great experience or achieve their individual(prenominal) goal in the Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon. Chart 5 Through our questionnaires, we find that near a half part of participant motion that they join this marathon as for self- challenge. About 24% participants join because of the health.Impact of coadjutor and family and honor respectively is 11% and 14%. Also, these had a 2% was participated with family or a litter bit number for new(prenominal) efforts. So, we would understand that achievement is really importance as the in the flesh(predicate) goal and this may cause the reason that why the number of participants is unvarying growth. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Higher Level Needs get down Level Needs - - 3. 2 Supports from Stakeholders It is important to cooperate with stakeholder in an event.A good stakeholders support can make the event more successful. In the Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon, we can tell that it has received a good support from participants, celebrities, general public and the government etc. 3. 2. 1 Commercial Sponsorship Sponsorship is a contribution to an activity (typically in sports, arts, entertainment or causes) by a commercial organization in cash, or in-kind, with the expectation of achieving corporate and trade objectives. Sponsorship continues to represent a popular way of cutting through advertizing clutter and reaching potential customers.Commercial sponsor can increase the media and trade leverage which can let the event become more large. The scale of a representative event cant be too small. A large scale of an event can puff and increase the number of people to join or to pay close attention to it. Also, it can cause by the public and media to discuss and report the event. For instance, mainland China Pacific/Credit Suisse sponsored the Hong Kong Sevens Rugby Match was one of the successful model in the early years. Cathay Pacific/Credit Suisse was the title commercial sponsors.Because of the sponsorship, Suisse Hong Kong Sevens become more popular and large-scale. And, the event has been well known. Because it makes the event become more representative and attract the number of people to pay attention to it. Regarding Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon, because of the sponsorship of Standard Chartered Bank, making had more resources to promote the event. Also, commercial sponsor can increase the media and marketing leverage which can let the event become more large-scale. A large scale of an event can attract and increase the number of people to join or to pay close attention to it.A part from that, it can cause by the public and media to discuss and report the event. Therefore, it prove that commercial sponsor is also one of the reason why caused the marathon be more success. 3. 2. 2 Participants The Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon started in 1997. Since then, it has been gaining in popularity. In the past thirteen years, it made record in entries every year. Now it has become a signature international dissipated event in Hong Kong and was accepted as a Brand Hong Kong Event by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government.The continuous growth of the number of participants, it proves that people support the event. Chart 1 Also, Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon has attracted a lot of international athletes from over seventy countries and regions, including China, Chinese Taipei, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Japan, Kenya, Kyrgyz Republic, Malaysia, Mongolia, Morocco, Poland, the Netherland, cutting Zealand, Russia, Ukraine and Singapore. It is because people believe that Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon is a large-scale and well-known running event.These may cau se that why they are kindle and support for the marathon. Participants join the race as they think that they can gain a great experience or achieve their personal goal in the Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon. Chart 5 Through our questionnaires, we find that near a half part of participant motion that they join this marathon as for self- challenge. About 24% participants join because of the health. Impact of peer and family and honor respectively is 11% and 14%. Also, these had a 2% was participated with company or a litter bit number for former(a) reasons.So, we would understand that achievement is really importance as the personal goal and this may cause the reason that why the number of participants is continuous growth. A part from joining the Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon, participants can achieve their personal goals. We find that about 70% of participants had joined more than one times. It can show that a great part of number were repeat participate. Chart xx Cha rt 6 Also, all of interviewer motioned that they will participate in the Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon again.It can see that participant generality screwable and think the higher value than payable in this marathon. So, the continuous growth of the number of participants, it proves that people support the race. 3. 2. 3 Organization On the separate hand, Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon also has attracted a lot of companies and organizations support. approximately companies and organizations like Standard Chartered Bank, LI & FUNG, Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants have joined corporate challenge or SME Marathon Cup.Furthermore early(a) education groups include The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Baptist University, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and The Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Educational etc. They were many staff and students who participated in it. The purpose that they may not to win for the race, they only want to have a nice day and enjoy the event. They may only want to ex beseech the support to a significant cause. These show that organizations support for the event. -For example, Standard Chartered Bank has 2800 staff running in Marathon 2012. It is mover participants had affected by each others within these groups. Through the organizations we can identify the reasons that made this event became successful. 3. 2. 4 Non-profits organization Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon is a large-scale sporting event. Therefore it needs lots of volunteers to make the event alignly. Ms Vivian So, the Executive Director HKAAA, said that volunteers are important for an event and good services can attract potential customers.Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon had thousands of volunteers percentage the runners and the organizer beyond the runway to ensure the race can go on smoothly. Volunteer physiotherapists, overseas invited runners liaison team members and characterizationgraphers etc. The volunteer s in Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon come from all qualifyings of life and all of them regarded the volunteer work very challenging. Therefore, it can prove that non-profits organization is important for an event enter in successful. On the piece hand, in ramble to let the marathon carried out more smoothly, it s important to have non-profits organizations support, like Scout Association Hong Kong Hong Kong Island Region, Auxiliary Medical Service etc. Without their support, the event cant continue as such smoothly. 3. 2. 5 Celebrities The Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon has received a lot of support from celebrities. Since 2004, artists like EO2, Fiona, Sky etc, they played games with participants, sang and portion their experiences on running at the Marathon Expo. On the day out front the marathon, there was a fair weathering concert to boost the morale for participants and volunteers.These make the event more interesting and attract more potential customers to join. Also, Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon Ambassadors personally participated in the event, for example, Andy Hui, Alex Fong etc. These can prove that how the celebrities supported the event. Celebrities are important endorsers of the marathon. Therefore, from 2001 to 2006 the participants number has significant increase and one of the reasons that maybe participants want to support their idols. On the other hand, Mr. Donald Tsang Yam-Kuen, the Chief Executive, presented at opening service and supports the participator.Moreover, lots of support from celebrities and far-famed people, likes Mr. Ricky Wong Wai-kay, Chairman of the City Telecom (H. K. ) Limited. Mr. timothy T. T Fok, GBS, JP President of Sports Federation & Olympic Committee of Hong Kong, China, they helped promote the mess of Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon to their employees as well. These may attract more people to join the race. A part from these, it proves that the Standard Chartered Hong Kong Mar athon has received a lot of support from celebrities and these may cause the reason that why marathon are success. 3. 2. General Public Moreover, in order to let the marathon conducting more smoothly. Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon caused large scale roadway block, making it inconvenient to a lot of people who live along the race track. However, no public protest against the road closure has been heard. According to Apple Daily on February 24, 2012 Road closure would certainly cause inconvenience to some people, but for the marathon road closures was definitely better than New Year Parade, fireworks, Celebration Parade is worth. exhibit that the public accept holding a mega event like this.Also, Ms Vivian So, the Executive Director HKAAA, said that it can prove the popularity. The event has been support by the popularity, though it may have caused a little disturb to the neighborhood. It showing that most of the public accept for the Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon an d they are support Hong Kong for holding such kind of international activities. 3. 2. 7 Government Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon is now being recognized as a Brand Hong Kong Event and a M Mark sporting event by the Hong Kong Government.It has attracts more than 70,000 participants taking part in this challenge in 2012. In order to contain a greater amount of participants, government has done a lot of measures, such as road closure. Moreover, in order to let the marathon conducting more smoothly, Hong Kong patrol Force and Hong Kong Road Safety Patrol had send out a great amount of human resources to support the race. On the order hand, Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon normally starts early in the morning (5 a. m. ). In order to support the marathon, MTR Corporation started its trains earlier.Also, those runners who could not reach the pre-set specific time limits need to board the functionary buses. These special service can see that how government support Standard Ch artered Hong Kong Marathon. 3. 3 Effective Event Management 3. 3. 1 Event Planning Event proviso is the process of formulation a festival, ceremony, competition, party, or convention. Event planning includes budgeting, establishing dates and alternate dates, selecting and reserving the event site, acquiring permits, and coordinating transportation and parking.Event planning also includes some or all of the following, depending on the event developing a theme or motif for the event, arranging for speakers and alternate speakers, coordinating location support (such as electricity and other utilities), arranging decor, tables, chairs, tents, event support and security, catering, police, fire, portable toilets, parking, signage, fate plans, health care professionals, and clean up. The event manager should control that planning process for events management is management, organizational and operates.Also, the planning should address in coordination of when, where, who, what, why and how (5Ws). Because an event is need to identities the objective. Set the location can hold the event, such as indoor or outdoor. Decide to who are the major customer and potential customer, or sponsor. Find which timing is suitable to hold the event. We study that when (timing), where (location), who (human resource management) to prove the Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon becomes success. Timing The event planner selected the race day to decide the Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon in which day. Spring, summer, and particularly fall are the busiest times for transportation companies, hotels, and resorts, which are taking care of good-weather conventions, vacationers, and business meetings. Because of the potential attendees are more seeming to able to afford the time, and to attend the event. About the sport events effect are on the daily pace and commerce of the city. The Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon always starts one to two weeks after Lunar New Year. Because in this period, the weather is cool. It could increase participators running performance.According to Ms Vivian So, the Executive Director of HKAAA , said that the Half- Marathon and Full- Marathon have been held only in a few seasons. During Lunar New Year, road traffic normally decreases because many people will be on their vacation and no need to go to work. Air pollution is greatly reduced. Because, it can avoid the festivity of New Year, and government could regulate would more trenchantly. Thus, HKAAA selected the race day after Lunar New Year one to two weeks. And decrease some impact for resident and store.Moreover, this period can reduce participants working hour. perspective Location can be a critical factor in determining the success of an event. During 1997 to 2012, the Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon changes the track 7 times. In 1997, the route started from Sheung Shui, Lok Ma Chau, and ended in Shenzhen. In 1998, the route started at Tsing Ma Bridge and the end point was Hong Kong International Airport. In 1999, as a starting point in Central at Tsim Sha Tsui and passed by westsideern seaport Tunnel, Cheung Tsing Tunnel, and as the end point, Sham Shui Po Sports Ground.In 2000, runners departured from the Hong Kong Cultural Centre, passed by Tsim Sha Tsui, Tsim Sha Tsui Promenade, and a crossed the Ting Kau Bridge and ended at the Sham Shui Po Sports Ground. In 2001 to 2007, it started from Miramar Hotel, Tsim sha tsui, and then passed by the West Kowloon Highway, Cheung Tsing Tunnel, Tsing Ma Bridge and Ting Kau Bridge exhumation of the occidental Harbour Crossing, ended at the Golden Bauhinia Square in sicken Chai. Start 2008 to 2009, the route of race was separated from the10 kilometres, Half-Marathon and Full-Marathon.The participants can follow their designated route. 10 kilometres race was first staged on Hong Kong Island Eastern Corridor. Participants are requisite to walk from Victoria Park on the Island Eastern Corridor in order to reach the starting point. The race ending points was Victoria Park. Half-Marathon and Full-Marathon continued to start on Nathan Road and ended at Victoria Park. But Full-Marathon continued to run on Tsing Ma Bridge, Ma Wan, and Ting Kau Bridge. In 2010 to 2012, the 10 kilometres race was held on Hong Kong Island Eastern Corridor, and end at Victoria Park.Although Half-Marathon and Full-Marathon are started by Miramar Hotel and end of Victoria Park, Full-Marathon race was changed to Ngong Shuen Chau Viaduct, Stonecutters Bridge, East Tsing Yi Viaduct, Nam Wan Tunnel, Tsing Ma Bridge, Ting Kau Bridge, and Western Harbour Crossing than Half- Marathon. In conclusion, the Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon has been holding in urban area and the race track passes by score local landmarks. Participate can tour around the city such as Island Eastern corridor, Nathan Road, Tsing Ma Bridge, Stonecutters Bridge, etc. This is different from other running races.Because those rout es are only for transportation, people normally cannot walk or run on the Tsing Ma Bridge, Ting Kau Bridge and other public facilities. Thus, participate can enjoy and find the route interesting. In overseas, the Marathon route shared similar characteristics . For instance, Tokyo Marathon is also held in urban area. In 2011, this event attract more than 350,000 participates to apply. But the participants need to draw by ballot. So the actual number is around 33,000. So we can know if the event can be held at downtown, it can attract more people to join.The routes are showed in Fig. 1 Tokyo Marathon and Fig. 2 Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon. There are similar with both held the marathon in landmarks. Fig. 1 Fig. 2 3. 3. 2 Human Resource Management Human resource management (HRM or simply HR) is the management of an organizations workforce, or human resources. It is responsible for the attraction, selection, reading, assessment, and rewarding of employees, bit also overseeing organizational leadership and culture, and ensuring compliance with employment and labor laws.In circumstances where employees desire and are legally authorized to hold a incarnate bargaining agreement, HR will typically also serve as the companys primary liaison with the employees representatives. The human resource management is including selection and training or briefing staff. And make sure staff understands the job duties and responsibility. supply and Volunteer In 2012, 2800 Standard Chartered staff runners participated in the Marathon while another 700 volunteered to cheer or support on race day. Appendices xx) Among those volunteers their were Association of International Marathons and Road Races, Auxiliary Medical Service, Civil attending Service, and Scout Association Hong Kong, and so on. (Appendices xx) There was a wide direct of supporting volunteers and organization from commercial organizations, voluntary bodies, and to charitable organizations. The success of the event is found highly depending on the cooperation among them. Their duties include crowd control, logistics, and so on.Michael Armstrong, phrase Managing Partner of E-reward and an independent management consultant, said that business success is most likely to be achieved if the personnel policies and procedures of the enterprise are closely link up with, and make a major contribution to, the achievement of corporate objectives and strategical plans. Therefore, the management of staff and volunteers are critical to the success of the event. Ms Vivian So, the Executive Director of HKAAA, said that the marathon was success because of the enthusiastic staff and volunteers also worked hard and endeavour to finish the event.It raised the normal of event workers. This showed the marathon event was successful due to support from the staff and volunteers. In conclusion, the success of the marathon depends on the preparation of the job descriptions to staff and volunteers. Since the duties are different. HKAAA should select the volunteers well. HKAAA should ensure them understand the procedures well. HKAAA should provide sufficient briefings to its staff and volunteers before the race events. 3. 4 Publicity 3. 4. 1 Word of Mouth Word of embouchure (WOM) is one of the importance factors for holding a successful event.Mr. Wong Ka Man, an committee of HKAAA, said that it lead to more people know Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon and feel interest in this event because of tidings of sing. Mr. Wong also motion that after few years for holding this marathon, Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon was more corporate with media like Hong Kong Commercial Radio. Under eulogized, Standard Chartered Marathon was became a hot topic. Also, participants were post some event photo in the internet that attract many citizens attention and feel interest to participant. So we can that word of utter is the importance factor. Word of mouth is a social communication between c onsumers or between businesses about a product, service or brand. People share and seek other opinions on consumption experiences. A desire to help other people drives consumers to provide advice to others while a desire to reduce risk and time in decision making pushes them to seek options from other consumers. Storytelling is the oldest form of word of mouth communication where one person tells others of something, whether a real event or something made up.Word of mouth depends on the extent of customer rejoicing with the product or service, and on the degree of its perceived value. Even without a direct and full control of word of mouth, companies can indirectly influence word of mouth by making sure consumers have many incentives to praise and no reason to talk about the negative aspects. Sports marketers must can take the expanded affinity into account. To do so, engage in positive word of mouth exchanges with other people. Word of mouth by event organizationBecause of positi ve word of mouth building, Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon was doing something that let more people think this is a joyful event. Firstly, Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon have had revamped official website (www. hkmarathon. com or http//hk. hkmarathon. yokel. com) in 2002. This website has been designed and engineered by the renowned internet service provider Yahoo Hong Kong. Up to now, except the link race information of Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon on the website, there are also including Activities, News, Photo picture gallery and Webcast etc.Visitors can gain more information like pre-event forward motional activities, pre-race activities, any news report, also review the exciting moments of the past few years and last events highlights. People accept more positive information and image, so they may build up a confidence for this Standard Chartered marathon and feel a grand occasion that they need to participate too. Word of mouth by media Newspaper repo rts also have a lot of influence on the public image of Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon, the more positive reports for this event by the media, the more word of mouth can be construct to help them to build the image.Because of knowing the covers range of Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon report by all newspaper medias, what including Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News, South China Morning Post, any lighten and overseas Newspaper. The reports will collected by using Wisers information gate service system and with the keywords / / / /Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon/Hong Kong Standard Chartered Marathon/Hong Kong Marathon/Standard Chartered Marathon that search the number of related article between 1998-2012 (no data before 1998). Also these include the number of StandardChartered Hong Kong Marathon official Press release (no data before 2002). Source Wiser Information Portal and Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon official pack release Period Number of Article Num ber ofStandard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon official press release 1/1/1998- 30/6/1998 64 - 1/7/1998-30/6/1999 256 - 1/7/1999-30/6/200 219 - 1/7/2000-30/6/2001 247 - 1/7/2001-30/6/2002 299 - 1/7/2002-30/6/2003 375 3 1/7/2003-30/6/2004 404 5 1/7/2004-30/6/2005 468 15 1/7/2005-30/6/2006 938 29 1/7/2006-30/6/2007 805 14 1/7/2007-30/6/2008 895 11 /7/2008-30/6/2009 1281 10 1/7/2009-30/6/2010 1386 7 1/7/2010-30/6/2011 1885 12 1/7/2011-26/3/2012 2817 13 According to the analysis the numbers of articles are increasing every year. And except in the first few years, the number of Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon official press release had increased and so are the news reports. During 2005 and 2006, the number of press release and article doubled. After 2006, the official press release reduced, but the news reports unbosom increasing. So that, we can see how the news reports caused stronger word of mouth.In analyzing of the official press release and the newspapers report from2002 to 201 2, within the period from phratry to March, it was found that most of the news releases were reported from October and February. The race launch unremarkably starts in October, so there were more news posted in this month, and there report are usually related the race information, apply state etc. Usually, around before the date of event applies entry 1-2 months, there also has had the report for pre- event promotion and help to attract more participants when thought this word of mouth.Since the race is held after Chinese New Year, so that Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon will be become the hot topic during February and that explain why most of the news report were written on this month and some on March. The news in this time are usually related the race, successs and champion feeling or comment. Other then print media, Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon also gained a lot of electronic media exposure like CCTV, myTV, Magazine, internet tools etc.Some end sport magazines are like to report Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon, like Sportsoho. Sometime, magazines are like make a interview with this event winner or coach. They present both feeling and professional knowledge and view to influence people to think that Standard Chartered marathon is a popular event as the participant of some outstanding contestant. Sportsoho is a popular monthly magazine, special for sport lover. There were some themes related Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon during October to March.According to the research, there were averages of 8 to 15 pages related to Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon in one issue of Sportsoho. The subject was sicker as compare with other sports event and it can get a big help in word of mouth among the magazine readers. Journal of Advertising Research had motion that There is a positive relationship between openness and word of mouth. People are more volition to forward a message to their friends. And this group people are intelligent, imaginative, curious, visionary, and emotionally responsive consumers. Also, people are easily influenced by each other and affect their decision making. Without created the word of mouth on some media, Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon also did a lot of thing to building their image and tell the public that they have social responsibility. At the same time, word of mouth will be create and gain an effective effort. Word of mouth by celebrity For example, in 2005, Standard Chartered bank was sponsored HENRY WANYOIKE, who have lost his sight overnight in 1995, to raise fund for SEEING IS BELIEVING.Henry Wanyoike is a famous runner and used to gain a lot of awards in running before he lost his eye sight. People may really rate his firm and persistent, also they may take action to support this so meaningful raises fund. Another, Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon also invites some famous celebrities as spokesmen. In 2004, this marathon had invited Alex Fong, a highly successfu l swimmer who represented Hong Kong at the Sydney Olympics in 2000 and set several local records in the pool.Furthermore, Do Do Cheng, who is a famous artist in films and tv set in Hong Kong was once the event spokesperson. The public may trust what she said due to her positive image. So that they can really create some positive work of mouth as their support, and leading more people come to join this event. There are some celebrity will be join this marathon every years, they may like to share their preparation of race, race feeling and experience to public. There will be increase the attention after their word of mouth. Word of mouth by participantAs revealed from the result of our this marathon race focus group on the reason of the first time to participant in Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon, most of the participants said that good of word of mouth and recommendation from their friends or families are the main reason. Also, all of respondents mentioned that they used to s hare their feeling and experience of Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon to other people. In the focus group research, close to 80% of the interviewers used Facebook to share their experience, and a great part of these massages are positive.Internet is the one of the extensively communication way for people send and received massages. In the internet, these are so many tools for us to express ourselves feeling. Facebook, yahoo blog, weibo and chatroom also are the popular tool in Hong Kong and abroad. Now, we are Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon was found successful in creating a special and unforgettable experience for participants. The participants will give their comments and express their experience in SCHKM to everyone on the internet. We had known that people like to forward a message to their friends, thus generated a social facilitation effect.In the internet search, it is not difficult can see the topic which related Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon in the soc ial network website, like facebook, weibo,and some popular chatroom etc. For example, one participant of this Standard Chartered marathon used to mention in her blog that she snarl so great to join this event, and the feeling was so different between being the help and the runner. She thanked her friends who keep giving her the support. Also, she was wished everyone can do the best next year and invoke more people come to join together.The comment from his friends in his post, they were so agreed with her and promise to join together next year again. So, it can see that these social communications really work to exchange experience whatever friends or unknown, also direct to create word of mouth. Ms Vivian So had motion that an attraction of the event is important. If the events have attraction itself and give the happy experience, it can build word of mouth easily and a positive image, then these unforgettable memories will stay in their mind deeply. Ms So also said that Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon is pleasing by itself.This event is a brand event in sports. Fun and good atmosphere of SCHKM have influenced many people. Because of this, word of mouth let one person to spread the message to ten people and grow exponential. 4 Findings 4. 1 The Value Important Performance Grid on Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon (Chart 7) As revealed from the analysis with the Value Important Performance Grid, we can identify and determine which value of the event attributes that need improvement. There are four parts including waste resources, people feels good, ignore and problem area.Among the 17 attributes studied in the survey, participants regarded 8 of them are well performed, with only one attributes found to have priority for improvements. This represents that participant will continue to be loyalty to join this event. According the Value Important Performance Grid, we found that Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon have 8 attributes performing well an d met the expectation of the participants. They are scale of the activity, word of mouth, transport arrangements, staffing arrangements, atmosphere, personal meaning, activity flow and support.Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon has been a mega sports event in Hong Kong, the scale of the activity is large. This sports event attractsa lot of media toreports of every year and the number of participant has been increasing. In addition, then people have different feeling about Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon. When the event has been organized, people have become more willing share with each other, thus creating word of mouth. Also, transport arrangements have been one of the important elements that to hold an event and participants are relatively satisfied with the arrangement.On the race day, MTRprovide special transportation arrangements that is the routes will open early to succeed the shuttle andbuses provide the relative transport arrangementsto pick up participantstotherac e location. Furthermore, staff arrangements are important to the success. Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon has been a mega event, with many people and organizations to orchestrate the event, including staff and helper, to help make this sports event holding smoothly. There are different training and briefing to staff and helper. The atmosphere of this sport event is has been very hot.The public knows aboutthe Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon. tightfitting tothe event holding date, people will seea lot of promotion about this sports event,suchastelevision advertisingand newspaperadvertising. Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon have strong message realise out. Their slogan is Run for a reason, let people thought process Marathon for their own personal meaning. Each participanthastheir own personalreasonsto attendthis event. Therefore they all havedifferent purposesto participate this sports event. The interviewers also feet satisfied with the schedule of the activity. T he sports event categories are clear.Apart from full marathon, half marathon and a 10 km run hold on different time, they found the racing schedules were much friendlier. Furthermore, Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon needs different government departments, organizations and groups to support it. Without that, HKAAA is difficult to hold this sports event become a mega sports event. Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon has many supported by different companies, patrons, agencies, organizations, groups and government departments. It is include Hong Kong Tourism Board, Leisure and Cultural Service Department etc that can help this sports event holding smoothly.In the other point, there are three attributes that people feel importance but the performances are not good, including information, sponsorship and guide. There problems need to be improved, to make the event more successful. The information attribute of the event is slighter lower in the performance, so compared with the i mportance. It need to carefully. Many people think that need to improve. They feelthattheinformationis not very liquid, should know the message through the General Assembly announced. With regard to sponsorship, the attributes is average level but its performance is bad.Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon has many companies sponsorship. Although Standard Chartered Bank is the title sponsor, the overall sponsorship is not attractive enough. Race participants expect more than the current level of sponsorship. Guide the importance is average but the actual performance is badly. This must need to improve. As a mega event, guideline must be clearly, let people easy to find where they can go. In race day, the race route do not have enough guideline, they do not have the way of cheer in en route, there are many cheergroup cannot cheerfor the participants.In the Value Important Performance Grid, performance is high and importance is low area is mean not important but the performance is go od, it is waste resources. According to the analysis, Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon did not have attribute not important but the performance is good. That means HKAAA holding this event have little wastes of the resources. Besides, there are sextet attributes are not important and the performances are bad. This attributes can be ignored. They include enrollment process, promotion, social contribution, entertainment, application fee and souvenir. . 2 The SWOT Analysis on Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon SWOT Analysis is conducted in order to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, andThreats involved in Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon. SWOT Analysis can identify the internal and external factors. HKAAA can ensure a clear objective that it is important part for event planning and achieve their objective. SWOT Analysis provides information that is helpful in unified HKAAA resources and capabilities to the competitive environment in which it operates.More over, SWOT Analysis can help us find out more, which is the potential problem and fault of Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon. 4. 2. 1 Strengths Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon has received a lot of sponsorship and been supported by different companies, patrons, agencies, organizations, groups and government departments. Standard Chartered Bank has been the title sponsor. Without which, HKAAA might not have sufficient resources to hold the event. Many patrons support this event, including the honourable Donald Tsang (Chief Executive, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region).The promotion has been well planned with advertisements on television, cover page on print media and has built a positive image. As a result, more people know this mega event. Ms Vivian So, the Executive Director of HKAAA said that increase in the promotion has been one of the factors that can let more people attend this sports event. In addition, HKAAA has sent mails to past participants of Hong Kong Ma rathon, to remind them come to join this year Hong Kong Marathon. Promotions of a star players are quite effective point attract people to join this sports event.Moreover, there are theme songs of 2003- 2006 year. Since 2009 Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon provides touching slogan that remind people about Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon effectively and created word of mouth in the community. Also, they have good human resources support from include staff, helpers and volunteers. They are well co-ordinate to make this event run smoothly. Ms Vivian So, the Executive Director of HKAAA said that thevolunteers helphas beena very important part than let more people care this sports event and make Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathontobe conductedsuccessfully.For instance, this event was very good in planning and supporting, includes baggage, equipment food supplies etc. Apart from full marathon, half marathon and a 10 km run hold on different section time, crowd was controlle d effectively. Participants were loosely satisfied with Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon. Moreover, HKAAA, as the event organizer had invited some overseas runners to join this event, and it can capture the international media attention about Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon. Therefore created more media coverage let more local people and foreigners know about Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon. . 2. 2 Weaknesses The event experienced some accidents in year 2001-2007, when the full marathon, half marathon and a 10 km run were arranged on the same track,10 km and half- Marathon runners crowdedintheWestern Harbour Tunnel. Besides,some participants dressed in fancy costume, took picturesand evenpushed pamper trolleys on the race track ,caused danger and other participantsdiscontent. In the2011race,the wheelchairrace was canceled. Many disabled athletescould not participate in the race and felt disappointed. There also lacktoilets on the race track, making it inconvenient to someparticipants.This is a quite an important problem. Participants feel bad about that and are not satisfied with the race route for having too few toilets to use. 4. 2. 3 Opportunities People began to focus on their health nowadays. According to our survey (Chart 5), 24% of the participants ran in the race for this reason. Therefore many people valued to join this sports event. Launched in April 2000, the Healthy Exercise for All Campaign is a territory-wide event jointly organized by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department (LCSD) and the Department of Health (DH). With the slogan of Daily exercise keeps us fit, people of all ages can do it.The Campaign aims at raising the publics awareness in exercising and encouraging them to exercise regularly so that they can understand the benefits of exercising to health. This is an opportunity get more attention for Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon. This can encourage more people to do more exercise and let them peruse their interest that is good for health. As peoplegrow older, physical fitness decline,andwanted to do somethingeasiersport. Running is a good choice to keep healthier. This sport equipmenttoacquireare less expensiveand there is no strict requirementson thephysical fitness.Most important of all, there is no opponent,and can bedone anywhere. reaching theage of 30, friends, and family are usually busy at work. Finding sportspartner canbecome increasingly difficult. This massage brings out running is a good sport. As a result, many people have been more willing to join this exercise. With five daysat work, it is difficulttofindtime for exercise. Infact,I like a different ball games, butwith teammatesgradually busy at work,practicing together has become difficult and, running has become my onlysport. Otherwise, busy life of Hong Kong can attract people running and let the public keen to go running. stepwise running becomes a public favorite sport. Inaddition, Ms Vivian So, the Executive Di rector of HKAAA said that runningis easily accessible, even with no partner. It can beflexible, and inexpensive, and without doing it in a team. Furthermore, there is no restrictions, need to rent avenueindividual can also participates in the runwithout the need for special gear. The lifestyle is more favorable to long distance race like Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon. 4. 2. 4 ThreatsStandard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon has been one of the Hong Kong major running races. But there are many different running races in Hong Kong. Running races are confronted with strong competitiveness. These are about Mizuno Shing Mun River 10KM, UNICEF Charity Run etc. Marathon to race still face strong competition among themselves. HKAAA need to constantly improve the activities. Otherwise, Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon may be replaced by other running game. According to am730, road closure has been the one important problem to be a real mega event. Now participants needed to join th e e