Italo Calvino :: Essays Papers

Italo Calvino b. Oct. 15, 1923, Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba--d. Sept. 19, 1985, Siena,Italy), Italian journalist, short-story writer, and novelist, whose whimsical and imaginative fables made him one of the most important Italian fiction writers in the 20th century. Calvino left Cuba for Italy in his youth. He joined the Italian Resistance during World War II and after the war settled in Turin, obtaining his degree in literature date working for the Communist periodical LUnit and for the publishing house of Einaudi. From 1959 to 1966 he edited, with Elio Vittorini, the left-wing magazine Il Menab di letteratura. Two of Calvinos first fictional works were inspired by his participation in the Italian Resistance the Neorealistic novel Il sentiero dei nidi di ragno (1947 The Path to the Nest of Spiders), which views the Resistance through the experiences of an adolescent as helpless in the thick of events as the adults around him and the collection of stories entitled Ultimo viene il corvo (1949 Adam, One Afternoon, and Other Stories). Calvino turned decisively to fantasy and allegory in the 1950s, producing the three strange tales that brought him international acclaim. The first of these fantasies, Il Visconte Dimezzato (1952 The Cloven Viscount, in The lacking Knight & the Cloven Viscount), is an allegorical story of a man split in two--a right-hand(a) half and an evil half--by a cannon shot he becomes whole through his love for a peasant girl. The second and most highly praised fantasy, Il Barone Rampante (1957 The Baron in the Trees), is a whimsical tale of a 19th-century nobleman who one day decides to climb into the trees and who never sets foot on the ground again. From the trees he does, however, participate fully in the affairs of his fellow men below. The tale wittily explores the interaction and tension between reality and imagination. The third fantasy, Il Cavaliere Inesistente (1959 The Nonexistent Knight,in The Nonexistent Knight & the Cloven Viscount), is a mock epic chivalric tale. Among Calvinos later works of fantasy is Le Cosmicomiche (1965 Cosmicomics), a stream-of-consciousness narrative that treats the knowledgeability and evolution of the universe.

Two Languages and Two Cultures Essay -- immigration, China, Two Kinds,

dickens Languages and Two Cultures united States was built on immigrants and few of the immigrants were pushed from their homeland because of some reasons while other reasons such as America dream pulled them to the United States. Most of these immigrants came from China in 1949, when the communist party took over. These immigrants came with their cultures and languages which are significant in everyones lives because they play a major role in the development of individuals characteristics. Many observers believe that these cultures and languages lead to conflict between immigrant parents and their American-born children. This is certainly the case. interestingly enough, while history and culture contribute to the American way of life, they also create disagreements between the immigrants culture and American culture. Perhaps this is why Amy topazs story, Two Kinds, explores the conflicts and confusions of relationships in the Chinese immigrant communities through the effects of Chinese immigrants ethnic heritage, child performance during this time of American culture and, communication divide during this period.First, Amy Tan successfully demonstrate how Chinese immigrants ethnic heritage contributed to the conflicts and confusions of relationships in the Chinese immigrant communities during that era. Back in China, the Chinese culture during the narrators mothers era encouraged loving stratification and as such no one can move out of their respective social class. Consequently, this way of thinking remained part of the narrators mothers life when she arrived into the United States.For example in the story, the narrators mother believed that she could be anything in America. Consequently, she wanted her daug... ...cessive control is not a forced decision. With the adequate public information and dedication, parents can choke their children to become productive citizens. When a parent confront an obstinate child, all it takes is for her not to take i t personally. Works CitedBloom, H. (Ed.). (2001). Amy Tan. Philadelphia Chelsea House.Huntley, E.D. (1998). Amy Tan A scathing Companion. Wesport, CT Greenwood Press.Jottedlines.com. Literature, Critical Analysis of Two Kinds. February 7, 2013.Kazdin, Alan E., Phd. Encyclopedia of Psychology, Volume 8, March 2000. Tan, Amy. Two Kinds. Literature Reading, Reacting, Writing. Ed. Laurie G.Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. 8th ed. Boston Wadsworth, 2013. 687-695. print.Nelson, E . S. (Ed.). (2000). Asian Amerincan Novelists A Bio-Bibliographical Critical Sourcebook. Westport, CT Greenwood Press.

Music as an Indicative of the History of Puerto Rico :: Culture cultural History Puerto Rican Essays

Music as an Indicative of the History of Puerto RicoDuring Dr. Lise Waxers October 29th arouse she characterized music as being indicative of the history of a people, a way of establishing social relations, and being a forum for dialogue. However, upon a critical psychoanalysis of the claims within her lecture and the issues discussed within Ruth Glassers My Music is My Flag, I believe that modern studies of Puerto Rican popular culture reveal more about the gift state of Puerto Rican identity than the diachronic subjects themselves. It is clear that above all else Puerto Rican musical history, from its evolution on the island and in the diaspora, was created and conditioned by the US colonial system. Therefore, any attempt to elevate its significance may be more of a classed-based attempt to elevate their social position within the context of colonized historical reality. Before embarking upon this analysis it is important to none that Ruth Glasser is not Puerto Rican. Althoug h she is a nice Jewish girl studying the history of Puerto Rican music, the fact that she is not Puerto Rican does not exclude her from misinterpreting the significance of her findings (xv). From the onset of her analysis she presents herself in opposition to the traditional historians assumptions about Puerto Rican history. She claims that many popular and scholarly assessments suggest that Puerto Rican players take a leak left their own ostensibly meager musical resources behind and havemerely adopted Cuban sounds (3). This opinion, she claims, characterizes Puerto Rican musical culture as being imported, meaning that it has no self-sustaining historical traditions of its own. Such a claim would also challenge Lise Waxers claims which characterize Puerto Rican music as a manifestation of Puerto Rican national history. Glasser in turn proceeds within her study to describe the numerous historical traditions of Puerto Rican music. Most prominent among these traditions is the fact th at many of the early bands under early US colonial rule began as military bands during the First World War. Indeed, the US army band soldiers were examples of the first musical experience during the Puerto Rican Diaspora because their travels to Europe allowed some musician form a particularly prominent part of the United States Armys most famous musical ensembles. For example the 369th Infantry Hellfighters Band (54). As professional person musician these people benefitted greatly by gaining access to more traditional forms of musical skills.

Euthanasia In The United States :: Free Essay Writer

Euthanasia in the United States Every year two million people die in North America. Chronic illness, such as cancer or heart disease, accounts for two of every three devastations. It is estimated that approximately seventy percent of these people die after a decision is make to forgo servicemanners-sustaining treatment (Choice in Dying). In America and all around the world, the ongoing debate is whether patients should have the opportunity to implement this critical alternating(a) of euthanasia. Although controversial, it is imperative that United States citizens ar not denied this right to a humane death. Groups in opposition to euthanasia say that patients who yearn to make this decision are neither in a healthy psychological state of mind nor have the God-willing right to do so. These groups feel if euthanasia were to become a in public accepted option to the terminally ill that physicians, family, and even patients may abuse it. They also strongly support modern end-of-lif e treatment, known as palliative care, as a more logical and moral option. Perhaps the strongest belief that euthanasia is wrong comes from those who follow the words of the Bible and believe that every aspect of life belongs to God. The Old Testament records an incident involving King Saul of Israel, who became seriously wounded on the battlefield. Fearing the advancing enemy, Saul took his own sword and tried to fall against it. He cried to a soldier, Come and put me out of my misery for I am in terrible pain but life lingers on. The soldier acted in pact with the wishes of the king and killed him. The soldier then brought some of Sauls armor to David and said, I killed him, for I knew he couldnt live. David ordered the soldier put to death (Eareckson, 111). Those who believe in the Bible clearly see here that, whether a monarch or a common person, mercy killing is perceived as iniquitous in the Lords eyes. To see a more recent example of the Catholic Churchs disagreement of euth anasia we only have to look back a few years. In 1994, for instance, the Dutch television station IKONs filming of the death of a man with Lou Gehrigs disease in a documentary, Death on Request, brought a denunciation from the Vatican (Branegan, 30). Equally important to those supporting the anti-euthanasia cause is the thought of any physician, family member or patient who would abuse this right if given the chance.

hitchcock :: essays research papers

SuspenseI think the best example of hesitation in Alfred Hitchcocks films is Psycho. The suspense is built well through the music and the camera angles. I will choose the shower-stabbing scene to demonstrate both these elements, because the scene displays all these elements the best. The music fits the situations and reddents that exact place. The playing of the screeching music when Norman Bates is in the process of stabbing Lila Crane in the shower, just the effect of the music makes this one of the most tense scenes in movies history, at least in my opinion. Also, the camera angle builds the suspense. The angle of her screaming when the man opens the shower, then the cutting off to the knife and then the blood, displays the personal effects of the camera angles, and without even show the murder. The angle on the knife makes us perceive that she is being stabbed without even seeing it. And the blood makes us assume that she is dead, without even showing the body. He builds su spense without showing the specific details of a scene.Plot TwistsHitchcock uses plot twists in his films to give the viewers the idea that something going on is happening, but in reality, its not. For example, in Psycho, Norman Bates mother really turners out to be Bates himself. And for Dial M for Murder, the key that was left on the stairs was used to help the detective catch Tony. The Trouble with Harry is that the whole time Harry has died of a heart attack, but we didnt know that and all the other characters didnt either. In Rope there really isnt one. You could say that the two brothers killing David and putting him in that box could be a plot twist. An finally in Vertigo the lady really turning out to be someone else is a plot twist in the movie. auditory CuesThe two films that rely on auditory cues are Dial M for Murder and Rope.

hitchcock :: essays research papers

SuspenseI think the best example of doubt in Alfred Hitchcocks films is Psycho. The suspense is built well through and through the melody and the camera angles. I will choose the lay outer-stabbing scene to demonstrate all these elements, because the scene displays all these elements the best. The music fits the situations and events that take place. The playing of the screeching music when Norman Bates is in the process of stabbing Lila Crane in the shower, just the effect of the music makes this one of the most suspenseful scenes in movies history, at least(prenominal) in my opinion. Also, the camera angle builds the suspense. The angle of her screaming when the man opens the shower, then the cutting off to the knife and then the blood, displays the effects of the camera angles, and without even show the murder. The angle on the knife makes us perceive that she is being stabbed without even seeing it. And the blood makes us assume that she is dead, without even showing the body . He builds suspense without showing the specific details of a scene.Plot TwistsHitchcock uses plot twists in his films to give the viewers the idea that something going on is happening, but in reality, its not. For example, in Psycho, Norman Bates mother really turners out to be Bates himself. And for Dial M for Murder, the key that was left on the stairs was used to help the detective catch Tony. The Trouble with Harry is that the whole time Harry has died of a heart attack, but we didnt know that and all the other characters didnt either. In Rope there really isnt one. You could say that the two brothers killing David and putting him in that box could be a plot twist. An finally in Vertigo the lady really turning out to be someone else is a plot twist in the movie.Auditory CuesThe two films that rely on auditory cues are Dial M for Murder and Rope.

Diary of Lady Macbeth’s Psychiatrist Essay

I had often heard of the Macbeth House and of the heroic soldier Macbeth, by whom m each a man had met with his death. At maiden I had little knowledge of skirt Macbeth, but subsequently as a result of our meeting today, I have embarked on one of the close riveting cases having ever to be dealt with.To begin with she tried to acquire and entirely different identity, but this did not prevail. When she entered my study the pretence faded and she assumed her subjective personality.Firstly she produced a letter that she had received two weeks prior to this interview. The content of which contained personal issues. doll Macbeth explained to me that Macbeth had unsloped triumphed in battle against Norway, when he encountered three uncanny sisters. These sisters predicted that Macbeth would vex Thane of Cawdor and faggot of Scotland, and Banquos descendents would also become king. This stirred Macbeth immensely because becoming king is his deepest, hidden ambition. Macbeth longed to know more, but the witches vanished before any applicable explanation emerged.Coincidentally, Macbeth was then real made Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth then relates on how he feels by saying that the greatest is to come. That all he has to do now is to become major power.I write this next sentence with my pen shaking and my heart beating so fast it hurts. Macbeth is actually considering come toing the king I cant believe that Im involved with this. I cant relate this to anyone because e reallything has to be kept convinced(p)ial. Anyway, I dont dare to set up a soul because Macbeth might slang me as a threat and contemplate of disposing of me. If he were debating about removing the king, then getting me out the way would intend nothing to him.Anyway, getting back to more immediate things, he finally ends the letter by asking noblewoman Macbeth for advice on all that had happened and saying that hell be home soon. maam Macbeth then suddenly grabbed the letter and apologized for being a burden to me. She told me to forget about e trulything that I had learned during the time that she had been on that point. consequently she exited quickly looking upset.I feel that Lady Macbeth is hiding something more then what I already know. I could tell that her problems were ofttimes deeper then barely a letter. She seemed extremely devoted to her husband Macbeth and I felt that she would do al virtually anything for him. But it was what she might actually do for him that worried me.Date third March 1051Just as I had anticipated, Lady Macbeth was back to see me once again. She could not go problems bottled up so she had to talk about them. She told me that she couldnt discuss certain things with her husband because she didnt want him to regard that she was weak. She wanted to be the strong one so that Macbeth had some one to rely on. It was very apparent that she adored her husband and wanted him to have the best. If he had any goals then she wanted him to achiev e them.She began by telling me that herself and Macbeth had arranged to actually murder Duncan. I could tell that she was trying to sound strong because of the continuous expression of anguish that was portrayed all over her face, and the way she avoided saying the word shovel in or murder. It was almost as if she was pretending that what she was going to do wasnt that bad.As we continued talking her voice became more panicky and eventually she crumbled and told me her unfeigned feelings.Lady Macbeth said that she was happy the way everything was and that becoming the queen meant nothing to her apart from Macbeths happiness. She said this with such sincerity that I had no conclude to question what she said.As she said before, she told me that she moreover wanted the best for Macbeth and wasnt concerned about what might happen to her. Lady Macbeth told me that Macbeth had become full of doubt and didnt want to go finished with it any more. She told me that she had to use forcef ul language and conjure up images of horror. But it was when she questioned his bravery that she finally persuaded Macbeth to go through with the deed.Lady Macbeth then went on to tell me that Duncan was coming to their house Inverness and that he was going to stay the night. She was going to drug the guards and ring a bell as a signal for Macbeth to kill Duncan with the guards daggers. The guards would then be smeared with blood and the daggers placed near them to make it look as if they killed the King.I just sat rigid in my seat. There wasnt anything suitable that I could possibly reply with.Shortly after Lady Macbeth had blurted the entire story out, she told me that she trusted me not to repeat anything that I had heard and that she would see me again. Then she left abruptly.This really is a fascinating but at the same time petrify case. I want to be able to stop the future events but I fear and value my own life too much to mob such big risks.Date 15th March 1051Usually Lad y Macbeth came to see me, but this time I was going to see her.A peeress explained that Lady Macbeth had been sleepwalking regularly and that she was very worried. She asked me to come and observe and see if I could do anything to help Lady Macbeth.When I arrived the gentlewoman told me of some of the eerie things that Lady Macbeth did whilst still asleep. During my discussion with the gentlewoman Lady Macbeth entered the room. Her eyes were open and she looked as though she was awake, but the gentlewoman assured me that Lady Macbeth was sound asleep. fundament I found out for myself, Lady Macbeth was truly unconscious.Lady Macbeth entered carrying a taper. I asked how Lady Macbeth had got hold of a light and the gentlewoman told me that Lady Macbeth had commanded that she continually had a light by her. This seemed to suggest that Lady Macbeth was scared of something. Darkness usually represents evil and I thought the light might be there to keep evil away. I think Lady Macbeth feels insecure and having a light by her was a kind of security. I also felt that Lady Macbeths fear of the Dark went deeper than it appeared. She seemed afraid of the dark in more senses than one.Next Lady Macbeth became obsessed with washing her hands. Whilst doing this she began to talk. I didnt understand much of what she spoke of near the beginning. But eventually she began reliving events leading up to Duncans Murder. I recognized several parts of what she spoke of from what my previous knowledge of my sessions with Lady Macbeth had taught me.She mentioned about ringing the bell as a signal and that she couldnt believe how much blood had actually come out of King Duncan. At this remark the gentlewoman looked at me and told me that she felt to scared to make a report or tell anyone about what she knew.I began to realize that Lady Macbeth was trying to wash blood off her hands. I dont know whether the gentlewoman knew all of what I knew, but she obviously pretend that something was very wrong.I told the gentlewoman that I thought Lady Macbeths heart was heavily laden. I also told her that Lady Macbeth was not sick physically but mentally. Therefore I did not have a cure for Lady Macbeth. I did not wish to stay any longer after Lady Macbeth returned to bed, so I bid goodnight to the gentlewoman and left.Tonight I learned a great deal. I was horrified and shocked by the doings and happenings surround Lady Macbeth. I know that it is all right to think about what I know but not to speak about them.I think that maybe things have gone too far to be cured. As a psychiatrist all I can do is to help Lady Macbeth actually recognize her problems and help her solve them.Date 27th April 1051It has been a long time since I have talked to Lady Macbeth. I knew that Macbeth had become King of Scotland so I presumed that everything had worked out as planned. When Lady Macbeth entered my study once again, I immediately noticed a dramatic change. She had changed from lookin g bright and confident to looking weary, edgy and withdrawn.I asked her to tell me what was wrong and then she related the full story from when they had murdered King Duncan.After Macbeth had done the deed he had become a wreck. Lady Macbeth had a lot of trouble trying to calm him down and getting him to wash blood off his hands. They only just managed to get away with it. They were very nearly caught. Macbeth told everyone that he had been so angry with the guards for killing the King that he had killed them. This was a tricky moment because Macbeth got a bit carried away and Lady Macbeth told me that she had to faint to distract the suspicion put upon Macbeth. The fainting worked and things went fairly smoothly from then on.Everyone was very suspicious of the kings sons because they had fled and nought knew where. Most people thought that the sons had paid the guards to murder Duncan. This was convenient because it took blame away from Macbeth.Once Macbeth became King of Scotland he was all right and he actually became the one in charge instead of Lady Macbeth.Lady Macbeth then began to cry and I had to calm her down until she was ready to carry on. I suspected that something more than just the murder of Duncan was the problem.She told me that Macbeth wouldnt talk to her. He was very pleasant to her but at the same time extremely cold. He was so wrapped up in being the King that he was treating Lady Macbeth like a child. Lady Macbeth said that she didnt think he love her any more and that he didnt care.Lady Macbeth said that she had followed Macbeth several times and that she had actually overheard him hiring murderers to kill Banquo and his son.Lady Macbeth told me that Macbeth had changed. She said she felt responsible for get-up-and-go Macbeth to murder Duncan. And turning Macbeth into a monster. She said that Macbeth was a stranger and that she felt as if she didnt know him any more.By this point I couldnt calm her down. I made her leave and told her th at she could come and see me any time that she wanted. She just nodded with tears rolling down her cheeks as she walked out.I am beginning to think that Lady Macbeth was never as strong as she had appeared to be. I think she made herself be strong just for Macbeth. But contrary Macbeth she had never killed anyone. I believe that the transgression of murdering Duncan is slowly eating away at her and because Macbeth is now rejecting her she cant cope. I know she will see me again because she cant cope and because she bottles her problems up and things are only going to become worse.Date 2nd June 1051Lady Macbeth was a deeply fed up(p) woman. After the murder she had to carry around all of her own guilt and Macbeths. The only person that she could ever confide in was Macbeth. But now he is cold towards her and it seems like he doesnt care. Now she cant discuss her problems with anyone. This is probably the reason that she came to me.She had no choice but to keep everything bottled up. She had to keep up pretence. She couldnt be herself.Everything began to build up and Lady Macbeth was becoming buried underneath her huge pile of problems. I believe what hurt her most was the way Macbeth turned away from her. I knew she couldnt cope and she obviously knew she couldnt cope which is why she killed herself only two days ago.She was found of a sudden in her bed with nothing but and empty cup lay on the fall to harm her. I believe along with many others that she poisoned herself.I dont think that Lady Macbeth was a bad person. She was just someone who loved her husband so much that she was prepared to go to any lengths for him. As I said in the beginning, it was what lengths she might actually go to that worried me.Lady Macbeth would rather die than live with a stonehearted husband and the guilt of murdering one of Scotlands greatest kings, King Duncan

Paper Critique: “Airavat: Security and Privacy for Mapreduce” Essay

1. (10%) State the riddle the wallpaper is trying to solve.This paper is trying to demonstrate how Airavat, a MapReduce-based system for distributed computations provides end-to-end confidentiality, integrity, and retirement guarantees using a combination of needful access control and differential solitude which provides security and silence guarantees against data leakage.2. (20%) State the main contribution of the paper solving a new problem, proposing a new algorithm, or presenting a new evaluation (analysis). If a new problem, why was the problem important? Is the problem still important today? Will the problem be important tomorrow? If a new algorithm or new evaluation (analysis), what are the improvements over previous algorithms or evaluations? How do they come up with the new algorithm or evaluation?The main contribution of the paper is that Airavat builds on mandatory access control (MAC) and differential privacy to run into untrusted MapReduce computations on sensit ive data do not leak private information and provide confidentiality, integrity, and privacy guarantees. The goal is to save malicious computation providers from violating privacy policies a data provider imposes on the data to prevent leaking information about individual items in the data. The system is implemented as a modification to MapReduce and the Java virtual machine, and runs on top of SELinux3. (15%) Summarize the (at well-nigh) 3 key main ideas (each in 1 sentence.)(1) First work to add MAC and differential privacy to mapreduce. (2) Proposes a new framework for privacy preserving mapreduce computations. (3) Confines untrusted code.4. (30%) Critique the main contributiona. graze the significance of the paper on a scale of 5 (breakthrough), 4 (significant contribution), 3 (modest contribution), 2 (incremental contribution), 1 (no contribution or negative contribution). Explain your grade in a sentence or two.This system provides security and privacy guarantees for distr ibuted computations on sensitive data at the ends. However, the data still can be leaked in the cloud. Beca lend oneself multiple machines are involved in the computation and malicious worker can sent the intermediate data to the outside system, which threatens the privacy of the excitant data. Even not to this extent, temporary data is stored in the workers and those data can be fetched even after computation is done.b. Rate how convincing the methodology is how do the authors justify the solution approach or evaluation? Do the authors use arguments, analyses, experiments, simulations, or a combination of them? Do the claims and conclusions follow from the arguments, analyses or experiments? atomic number 18 the assumptions pragmatic (at the time of the research)? Are the assumptions still valid today? Are the experiments well designed? Are there different experiments that would be to a greater extent convincing? Are there other alternatives the authors should have considered? ( And, of course, is the paper free of methodological errors.)As the authors stated on page 3 We aim to prevent malicious computation providers from violating the privacy policy of the data provider(s) by leaking information about individual data items. They use differential privacy mechanism to ensure this. One interesting solution to data leakage is that they have the mapper specify a range of its keys. It seems like that the larger your data even up is, the more privacy you have because a user affects less of the output, if removed. They showed results that were really close to 100% with the added noise, it seems this is viable solution to protect the privacy of your data inputc. What is the most important limitation of the approach?As the authors mention, one computation provider could exhaust this budget on a dataset for all other computation providers and use more than its fair share. While there is some estimation of effective parameters, there are a large number of parameters that must be set for Airavat to work properly. This increases the probability of misconfigurations or configurations that might severely limit the computations that can be performed on the data.5. (15%) What lessons should researchers and builders take away from this work. What (if any) questions does this work leave open?The flowing implementation of Airavat supports both trusted and untrusted Mappers, but Reducers must be trusted and they also modified the JVM to make mappers independent (using invocation numbers to identify current and previous mappers). They also modified the reducer to provide differential privacy. From the data providers perspective they must provide several privacy parameters like- privacy group and privacy budget.6. (10%) Propose your improvement on the same problem.I have no suggested improvements.

Gcse Geography Paper

GCSE Geography Assessment - Investigate the extent to which Meadowhall could be exposit as environmentally genial. By Emma Fitzpatrick 10R penetration Investigate the extent to which Meadowhall dismiss be described as environmentally friendly The meaning was first opened on the 4th September 1990. The 80 acre site was and still is a Brownfield site which means you can build on this knowledge base. With a floor bea of 1,500,000sq ft, it is the seventh largest shop centre in the U. K. With over 280 stores, the centre attracted 19. million visitors in its first year of opening, and now attracts about 30 million visitors a year. It took two years to clear the land of bollocks, and there was 100,000 tonnes of waste from the toxic site by the River Don. The main reason the centre is so successful is beca aim of its location. The centre id located at junction 34 off the motorway-The M1 is the lifeline to Meadowhall. Meadowhall can be extremely busy in the run up to Christmas, and t he January sales. There can be up to 140,000 visitors at Christmas provided the day after Boxing Day. The reason I have chosen to investigate Meadowhall is because it is local.Analysis- sup mannerives Meadowhall is unmatchable of the largest out of town shopping centres in the U. K, and it could be described as environmentally friendly because it was the first U. K shopping centre to develop an on-site recycling facility. The recycling centre was opened in 2006 and has been on termination for the past 6 years. The centre re cpss 97% of waste from retailers and customers, with the remaining 3% going to incineration no waste goes to landfill. The waste is sorted into paper, plastic, railway cardboard, cans etc. by a conveyor belt system to separate out the different types of waste. in like manner they have set up lots of initiatives and measures to give passel other sustainable enthral to get to and from Meadowhall, for example * Cycling initiatives- including bike-safe genteelne ss, biker user group for Meadowhall employees (BUG ME) and Dr. Bike * Free fuel for galvanising cars * Personalised travel information for busses, cable tramways and trains * Adult and family cycle training launched march 2008- offering free training for employees * The Passenger Transport Interchange. Primary benefits for the staff * Last year on average 5 employees per month holded to sustainable travel modes.In terms of staff only 20% use a car to drive to work * 55% of employees use public conveyance, 16% car share, while 7% cycle, walk or use motorcycles * In terms of visitors, public transport has increased by over one percentage fleck while the number of visitors driving indicates a significant level of car sharing at 16% * 400 staff last year pass a personal travel plan. Secondary benefits * Helps to aid the reduction of local traffic congestion * Improves access for staff and visitors- more(prenominal) cartridge holder working and shopping and less time queuing in t raffic * Reduces carbon footprint for staff and visitors.Also Meadowhall has its own public transport interchange, making it the only shopping centre in the U. K that combines a bus, rail and tram interchange as well as making it the centre easily accessible to both the local persona and the rest if the country. The catchment field of view is a one hour drive which covers an area as far as north as Harrogate, south as Leicester, eastside as Hull and Grimsby and as far west as Manchester. There are approximately 25 million visitors each year. And since the PTI has been added to the centre, it has the best public transport services of any shopping centre in the U. K. lso because most people use the M1 to travel to Meadowhall, it actually saves fuel than going on the back roadstead through the country side, because if you travel at a constant speed on the M1, you wont use as much petrol and it wont take as long, because on the country roads there usually is a lot of turns and corner s which might take longer than just going on a straight road whit very little corners. Also its not good for small towns because of the congestion charge. Another positive is that they spent ? 50 million pounds on improvements, bins and air-con. However this is as well as a negative impact as well.One of the most recognisable positive impacts is the large windows which permits in a lot of natural light in so in the summer they dont have thousands of lights on but, they allow in a lot of heat as well so they have to use air-con (which can be seen as a negative impact). And in the winter they are helpful because they let heat in so they dont have to turn on the heaters. Although, when its dark/ shadow they turn the lights on the outside of the building on even when Meadowhall isnt open, so that can be seen as a negative impact too. Also there is a bore-hole that they use to collect water from beneath the Earth.The water from the bore-hole is collected into a monster master tank. Al l the remembering tanks are connected onto a network which ensures 90-95% of all water used by customers and retailers for flushing toilets is derived from rainwater harvesting or bore-hole water. Meadowhall began harvesting rainwater in 2006. Four giant water storage tanks collect rainwater and condensation from air conditioning. This is then used throughout the shopping centre for cleaning, flushing toilets and watering the away landscape areas. Also the cost of water to Meadowhall has decreased since this movement has been put in model.One of the other positives about the transportation is that they have a free galvanising car charging port so people can charge their cars. In addition to the cycling initiatives, Meadowhall is encouraging people from Winkobank and Tinsley to either walk or cycle to Meadowhall with the network of paths that have been swand. Also, they encourage more people to use public transport by having cheap deals sold exclusively within the centre for bus , tram and train. Plus only 20% of the staff at Meadowhall uses their car to travel to the centre, and the remaining 80% use other forms of public transport (refer to encipher 5. ). Also, more than half of the bags I have collected for my survey about whether shops use bags that can be recycled or could not be recycled(refer to figure 4). Analysis-negatives Furthermore, there are some negative impacts to Meadowhall. For example * 87% of shoppers travel by car and only 13% by public transport * They dont publicize how environmentally friendly Meadowhall is * They have over 12,000 free car parking spaces which means more people will chose to travel by car * Although they do have Electric car charging ports, there snt any sign posts to tell/show people where they are * They turn the lights on at darkness even when its not open,(however they do use low energy light bulbs). Transport Although Meadowhall has plenty of initiatives to try and persuade people to use public transport to go to Meadowhall, only 13% are using it to get to and from Meadowhall. And I moot this is because of all the free car parking spaces, so if they charged people to use the car parking spaces, more people might use the bus, train, tram etc to travel to Meadowhall.Also if there were sign posts to show where the electric car charging ports it might encourage more people to use/have an electric car because if every shopping centre had a car charging port they might be able to make more money to make that centre more environmentally friendly. Also the M1 is a negative because most people are using their cars to travel to Meadowhall, than using public transport, which causes more pollution. Refer to figure 6. 3. Windows Even though the windows are very environmentally friendly they do let a lot of heat in which means they turn on the air-con which uses a lot of energy.Environment Even though Meadowhall has put many initiatives together to make the centre more environmentally friendly they dont advertise the environmentally friendly it is internet, TV, and the website. I think that if they did decide to advertise the eco friendly side of Meadowhall, they might encourage other shopping centres to do the same thing. And compared to the Trafford centre, Meadowhall doesnt seem very environmentally friendly. Refer to figure 6. 2. Water ButtAlthough they harvest a lot of rain water and water from the bore-hole, they only use 35% of it, so 65% is wasted. The Trafford Centre The Trafford centre is also environmentally friendly like Meadowhall because they also have many initiatives in place, and hoping to put in place. For example * They want to divert 100% of the waste from the centre to not got to landfill sites * To install sensor lights in the corridors, to cut down on wasted energy * Switching to LED lighting systems which use a split up of the power to the older system * Halving the length of time heir automatic taps run, from 10 seconds to 5 seconds, saving 350,000 li tres per year * Limiting the length of time their Christmas decorations are switched on * Cutting the amount of time their escalators, plasma screens and lightings are switched on * Following a greener office policy which encourages all staff to switch off lights and computers that are not needed. Also compared to Meadowhall, the Trafford centre is more environmentally friendly because they advertise how eco friendly they are, and they have put more initiatives in place than Meadowhall to cut down the amount of energy they are using.The Trafford Centre Recycling Since 2009, the Trafford centre declared its ambition to be the greenest shopping centre in the UK. The environmental services department comprises more than 34% of the Trafford centres staff, and each processes more than 100 tonnes of waste each week since October 2010 100% of the overall waste has been diverted from landfill. Currently they recycle a host of materials these include * Cardboard * Scrap metal * Glass * Pap er * Magazines * Food waste * Plastic bottles * coat hangersSince 2006 they have continuously improved the percentage of waste that has been diverted from landfill. For 2009 hey diverted 58%. For 2010 they diverted 70% and for 2011 they hope to have achieved 85%. The centre was awarded the environmental award at the Trafford Business awards, the centre achieved gold standard in the Business Tidy Awards, and the Sceptre award for Environmental Best Practise. Conclusion In conclusion I would say that Meadowhall can be described as environmentally friendly because since 2006, they have put 6 travel initiatives in place so visitors can use a more sustainable use of transport o get to and from Meadowhall they have their own recycling plant, bore-hole, four giant water storage tanks, and they have large bay windows that let in light instead of using thousand of lights. However, there are more things that can be done to make Meadowhall more environmentally friendly is by advertising hoe e co friendly they are, turning the outdoor lights off at night and encouraging more people to use public transport. My Consumer ChoicesUsually I would rather go to Meadowhall than go to my local area (i. e. Town) partly because Meadowhall has a more lam of shops like H&M and River Island which my local area doesnt. I typically buy clothes and bags from Meadowhall because there are more shops which are larger than the ones in my local area, where I typically get school things like school clothes and equipment because there are more school shops in my local area and more stationary shops as well.Normally I either get my parents to take me and bring me back home if Im only going with one or two friends but if Im meeting a group of friends I find it easier to get there by going on the train with them but I think I should try and use the train more because its less pollution than getting one of my parents to take me. I very rarely take my own carrier bags because I most of the time I don t buy very much. I think by asking my parents to take me has a knock on affect because every time I ask them to take me to Meadowhall Im increase the amount of pollution in the air even though Im not even driving.

Smoking in Public Places

In some country people are no longer eitherowed to quite a little in many existence places and assurance buildings. Do you think it is a dependable rule or bad rule? Use specific reasons and details to support your position. Earth is a good creation of God. So this is our duty to make it beautiful. If our surrounding is good and has no pollution past we feel happy and have a good health. A person who is healthy has good ideas. In my opinion I would like to say if green goddess is not allowed in public places and office buildings consequently it is a good rule. There are many reasons behind this.They are as follows In my view, smoking is not good for health. If a person who has the apparel of smoking then he or she can have breathing, lungs and heart problems. The smoke of cigarette is to a fault very harmful for health. If people smoke in public places then it is not only injurious for the smoker but also for others who do not smoke. For a healthy life, smoking is not good. The smoke of cigarette has toxic metals like Cadmium. If human body contains excess of cadmium then it creates many health problems like bone and heart diseases.For the safety of military personnel it is necessary to ban smoking in public and office buildings. For a good and healthy generation, ban on smoking in public places and office building is also necessary. If there is a ban then chain smokers cannot smoke and they will be safe. A lady who is pregnant and has the habit of smoking then a ban can be helpful for her childs health. It is very important for the baby. Sometimes people can also besides their money with the help of ban on smoking. People can use this money in other works.For instances, if people save money then they present or eat healthy food. People who are allergic to smoke do not like smoking in offices and public places. These people do not feel good if any one smokes. As a good person, smokers should be careful and give the preference for others convenience. People can also increase their business if smoking is bane in public places and office buildings. For example, people who are chain smokers and have the habit of smoking during work that fall their work skills and earning.The customers who do not like smoking do not like to come. Therefore, the ban can be beneficial if it increases the business. All in all I would like to say if smoking is not allowed in public places and office buildings then it is not only good for health of present and future tense generation but also can increase earning of people. If we want a good pollution free country, healthy life and more money then we will have to stop smoking. We should support the campaign against smoking.

A Critique Paper for Scent of Apples by Bienvenido Santos Essay

The explanation of Scent of Apples by Bienvenido Santos is told in a first of all person point of view in a persona of a Filipino immigrant way back in the contend period in America. This is a written account of an unforgettable experience of the germ with another Filipino immigrant named Celestino Fabia.The structuralisms approach/theory was use to analyze this literary textbook as well as for in depth understanding.The beginning presented the literary text in a detailed and in a chronological elan with the use of overflowing adjectives and vivid descriptions. The first and second split introduced the setting and the governing mood of the entire story. The perfect play of words and adjectives was the weapon of the author to give a concrete picture of the setting and to let the reader feel the real emotions existing in every(prenominal) scenes and conversations/dialogues. When I arrived in Kalamazoo, it was October and the war was still on.Gold and silver stars hung on penn ants above silent windows of white and bricked-red cottages. In a backyard, an old man burned leaves and twigs while a greyish woman sat on a porch, her red hands quiet on her lap. Watching the smoke rising above the elms, both of them thinking of the same(p) thought perhaps about a tall, grinning boy with blue eyes and flying hair, who went out to war, where could he be now this month when leaves were good turn into gold and the fragrance of gathered apples was in the wind.It was a cold night when I left my room at the hotel for a usual speaking engagement. I walked but a little way. A heavy wind coming up from Lake Michigan was icy on the face. It felt like winter rove early in the northern woodlands. Under the lampposts, the leaves sh whiz like bronze. And they rolled on the pavement like the ghost feet of a thousand autumns long dead, long in the lead the boys left for faraway lands without apple trees, the singing and the gold.The style of the author in presenting/narrating the story through an introduction then, inserting conversation/dialogues was quite appealing. It does not make the story so monotonous, thus it became more flavorful in spite the sadness and gloominess of the mood of the story.It was the same night I met Celestino Fabia, unsloped a Filipino farmer as he called himself, who had a farm about thirty miles east of Kalamazoo.You came all that way on a night like this just to hear me public lecture? I asked.Ive seen no Filipino for so many years now, he answered quickly. So when I saw your name in the papers where it says you come from the Islands and that youre going to talk, I come right away. Earlier that night I had addressed a college crowd, mostly women. It appeared that they wanted me to talk about my country..The highlight of the story started when Celestino Fabia reminisces the past when he was still in his own country. The descriptions were so vivid, that the readers would feel the same emotion Celestino was feeling during t hat pip. simply sometimes, you know, I miss that house the roosting chicken and low-topped walls. I miss my brothers and sisters. Mother sitting in her chair, looking like a pale ghost in a corner of the room.Celestino Fabia, as one of the main characters was not exactly describe by the author, except mentioning him as just a Filipino farmer. His style of giving the description was through his narration during their conversation and dialogues. It is a good way of spicing up a literary text. Ruths role in the story affirmed the sadness and seclusion of Celestino. The failure of providing his family a more comfortable life made him lonelier and regretful.It was stated in this paragraph Finally we rounded a deep curve and suddenly came upon a shanty, all but ready to crumble in a heap on the ground, its plastered walls were rolling away, the floor was hardly a foot from the ground. I thought of the cottages of the poor colored folk in the south, the hovels of the poor everywhere in the land. This one stood all by itself as though by common consent all the folk that used to live here had decided to cheque away, despising it, ashamed of it. Even the lovely season could not color it beauty.As a whole, the very weapon of this literary text is its own language. The author successfully played with the language. He used a lot of metaphors as well as colorful analogies. It made the text so interesting. Each descriptions of the place, of the situation and of the characters appeals to one or more of the readers senses. Indeed, the author successfully conveyed his message through his effective command of the language.WALANG SUGATThe Marxist literary theory was used to analyze this literary text as well as for in depth understandingSocial struggle has been a long time recurrence since the start of civilization. Financial and social status, political standpoint and stability, and religious beliefs are among the main reasons and basis why this struggle exists in a certain society. In the Philippines, the Spanish regime brought forth the prominence of this struggle among our ancestors. Many Filipinos experienced many injustices and malpractices during that time that led the rise of Philippine Revolution. Thus, the play/drama Walang Sugat was staged to depict the lives of many Filipinos and the abusive governance of the Spaniards.Walang Sugat, a drama originally written by Severino Reyes is in three acts first released in 1902 and was set during the Philippine revolution. It is about the romantic family of Tenyong and Julia and their social and political struggles. Tenyong, as the main protagonist suffered from the many injustices of the Spaniards. His father was killed without any valid reason. The parents of his beloved Julia were a createst in their relationship because his social status. These reasons caused him to join the revolution and leave Julia behind.Political and financial power forced Julia to marry a wealthy man. The society where they lived dictates they way they will fulfill their lives, thus she was obliged to agree to whatever it will bring. For a person to reach a higher social and political status, he/she must gain money. Julia was the way of their parents to reach that certain status in the society.Social struggle changed the lives of Tenyong and Julia. They were forced to do things they dont want to do. Their story is just one representation of how society affects human lives. Social struggle will never stop as long as greed and personal agendas reigns in every human.

Survey on Body Image

Ref. No. ((((Interviewer No. _____ Survey on Body Image (Sample Questionnaire) PART I enchant put a tick ( in the box that best reflects your opinion. 1. Are you aged over 25? ( Yes (Please continue answering question 2 in this part) ( No (This is the decease of this survey. convey you very much for your helper ) 2. In general, are you satisfied with your body figure? (Interviewer please check the quota) ( Yes ( No PART II Please indicate how do you think about the following statements is true by circle the number. No. Questions Strongly discord Neutral Agree Strongly Disagree Agree 2 I think I am shorter than I should agree. 1 2 3 4 5 3 I choose to wear clothes that can hide my body baffle. 1 2 3 4 5 4 I need to do something to neuter my body figure. 1 2 3 4 5 5 I am very dissatisfied with my body figure. 1 2 3 4 5 6 I ceaselessly take records of my body weight. 1 2 3 4 5 7 I always read diet publications. 1 2 3 4 5 8 I always calculate the calorie intake. 1 2 3 4 5 9 I always pay attention on the issue of slimming. 1 2 3 4 5 10 Celebrities/models body image is my desired body image. 1 2 3 4 5 11 I feel unsatisfactory to my body shape when comparing with the 1 2 3 4 5 celebrities/models body image. 12 I am very envious of those celebrities/models body figures appear on those 1 2 3 4 5 slimming advertisements. 13 I want to look as good as a model/celebrity. 1 2 3 4 5 14 I think celebrities/models body image is a symbol of beauty. 1 2 3 4 5 No. Questions Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Disagree Agree 16 I believe I would have more job opportunities if I have a good figure. 1 2 3 4 5 17 I believe I would have longer life if I have a good figure. 1 2 3 4 5 18 I believe I would have many admirers if I have a good figure. 1 2 3 4 5 19 I believe I would have more acceptances in social life if I hav e a good 1 2 3 4 5 figure. 20 People or so me are more likely to make friends with slim people. 1 2 3 4 5 21 People around me would use different ways to keep body shape. 1 2 3 4 5 22 People around me do not satisfied with their body figure. 1 2 3 4 5 23 People around me like discussing on their body shape. 1 2 3 4 5 24 I feel not in the group if I am fatter than people around me. 1 2 3 4 5 25 I do mind if people play a joke on my body figure. 1 2 3 4 5 26 Ido mind if I find that I have gained some weight. 1 2 3 4 5 27 I do mind people telling me I am fat. 1 2 3 4 5 28 I feel bad talking to another female with slim body. 1 2 3 4 5 29 I feel guilty when I eat too much. 1 2 3 4 5 30 All in all, I am inclined to feel that I am a failure 1 2 3 4 5 31 I take a positive attitude toward myself 1 2 3 4 5 32 I have confidence in myself. 1 2 3 4 5 33 At times I think I am no g ood at all 1 2 3 4 5 34 I feel that I have a number of good qualities 1 2 3 4 5 35. I most frequently obtain information about slimming from the following channel (tick ( one only) ( TV ( Radio ( Newspaper ( Magazine ( net ( Others (please specify)____________________ Part III We would like to end with a few demographic questions. Please write down the related information or put a tick ( in the appropriate option. 1 My age is ______ years 2 My weight is about ______________ pounds (or ______ kg) 3 My height is about ______feet ______inches (or ______ cm) 4 How often do you exercise? ______ times per month 5 My marital status is ( Single ( Married ( Widowed ( Divorced ( Separated 6 My monthly inocme is ( Below $5000 ( $5001-$9000 ( $9001-$15000 ( $15001-$25000 ( $25001 or above 7 The highest level of education I attained ( Primary school or below ( Lower secondary ( Upper secondary ( matric ( Certificate/Diploma/Higher Diploma/Associate/Bachelors Degree ( Master s Degree ( Ph. D. Thank you very much for your assistance Hello I am a student of XX University. I am now conducting a survey about body image among Chinese female adulthood. It is grateful if you could take 5 to 10 minutes to complete this questionnaire. There is no right or wrong answer. Your participation is voluntary. The information obtained in this study will be used to prepare a research report and no identifying information will be revealed in the dissemination of the results. Thank you.

John F. Kennedy – the Space Exploration

James Moyer Mr. Sims U. S History Period 3 16 May 2012 rump F. Kennedy The Space exploration I. Introduction A. Background Information whole honor and respect lies within earth-closet F. Kennedy his famous speech We choose to go to the Moon, was the reason why Space Exploration reached its peak on July 21st in the year 1969, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were the initial and only people, the first and only Americans to step on the moon.It took eight-long time, a month, and two days to complete what chairperson Kennedy dreamed for our country, our people. Without his actions, his famous words, his heart-felt, prosperous speeches, we may look at not accomplished the impossible, which we struggle to come upon, and prolong for it to happen again to set foot on the moon. John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born on May 29, 1917, in Brookline, Massachusetts. He was the second born out of nine siblings into a multi-millionaire family whose father is Joseph P.Kennedy. He was a very a handsd man not only this he was a war hero during World War II. When he would return to civilization, he would go into the newspapers business, and be a successful writer he would choose to be politically active just like his father and Mr. Kennedy would later choke a candidate for the kinfolk of Representatives. From here on was the beginning and legacy of the famous John F. Kennedy. 1. The Dream How did one man create such a big difference? realize at the professorships before Kennedy, the first President, George Washington, it was because of his actions and mindset that we out witted the British and became the independent country President Lincoln who helped bring slavery to end, who brought the Confederacy and the States together President Teddy Roosevelt who initiated the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act, which would prove very beneficial to the economy and its people. Now there are a ew other fine Presidents such as these listed few, still Kennedy is the first and only President to reach the impossible, to do the impossible, to even think about the impossible, come America go on the moon. All due to his go out to reach far beyond the sky and enter space itself to come across and walk upon the moon. B. Why it Matters NASA, (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) is responsible for the Space architectural plan and Kennedy was the one responsible for Space Exploration. Apollo 11 was the manned spaceship which landed on the moon, to achieve what Mr.Kennedy wanted to see and experience himself to see his dreams come true. Unfortunately his untimely goal singled-handedly shocked the people his assassination would spark the will for Space Exploration to accomplish his dream of landing on the moon. II. Body Paragraphs a. How It All Began John Fitzgerald Kennedy, born May 29, 1917, at 83 Beals Street in the middle-class suburb of Brookline, Massachusetts, was the second of nine children (Baughman et. Al). The Kennedy bunch ended up m oving to Bronxville, just outside of New York City.They would reside here for Kennedys schooling throughout the years until 1941 where they would dismantle and search for a new home. Kennedy had a secret illness which was life threatening chronic stomach disorders, back problems, frequent and severe hypersensitive reactions, and the undiagnosed, until 1947, effects of Addisons disease. Addisons disease is a failure of the adrenal glands, which sapped his energy, weakened his immune system, and left him vulnerable to infections and dangerously high fevers (Baughman et. Al). Kennedys father wouldnt let his health affect the publicity so he covered it up with Kennedys war injuries. 1. His Career In 1941, instead of continuing with his works, John F. Kennedy followed his brother Joseph Jr. into battle alongside the U. S Navy during World War II. Kennedy was assigned to duties of Naval Intelligence in Washington. On August 2nd, 1943, the PT-109, a boat under his command, was rammed and s uck by a Japanese destroyer, Amagiri. Although his seamanship and commands were questionable at the time, he was still a courageous man he turn up this by saving his injured crew or being able to sustain them behind enemy lines to wait for rescue.Awarded a few medals such as the Navy and Marine Corps Medal and the Purple Heart, also being considered a hero in the eyes of New York Times, he would later be discharged for medical reasoning and thrown into politics right away by his father, due to his eldest sons death, Joseph Jr. now being able to replete his fathers dream to become the first Irish-Catholic President of the United States. 2. Political Life In 1946 John Kennedy won election to the U. S. Congress from Massachusetts eleventh District, representing parts of Boston and Cambridge.His father spent exorbitant sums on the campaign and involved the entire Kennedy family except his sister Rosemary who was retarded. In 1952, at his fathers urging, Kennedy challenged Henry Cabot point Jr. for the U. S. Senate from Massachusetts. Most observers gave Kennedy little chance. The 1952 campaign featured sophisticated, often unique methods of reaching the voters. Among the first to make the best use of telly for advertising and fundraising, Kennedy enrolled in a special CBS-TV seminar to promote on how to use TV effectively.His naturally poised and unrestrained manner fitted the new scene conditionally. foreground the campaign were the appearances of the candidates mother and sisters at hundreds of invitation-only social events where the Kennedy women served tea and charmed an estimated 70,000 women voters. A record turnout gave Kennedy a slim 76,000 vote margin over Lodge (Baughman et. Al). Kennedy attracted large support from Boston, Irish-Catholics, Jews, labor union members, and some Republicans who thought Kennedy was more conservative than Lodge. 3. JFK, How he Became President Mr.Kennedy did his best to become and persuade people for him to become Vice-P resident, as that proved to no avail, he went towards a more direct approach, becoming President himself. In order to get votes and win the nomination of ravel for his party, he had to persuade some hard-headed mules that Catholics are able to win votes as well. In doing so, he set off a campaign which would be a very rough one for him indeed, for he was matched against Nixon. Without his televised broadcast of him against Nixon, he would have probably lost the election of becoming President for the argins between the two men were ever so slightly apart. b. Introducing John F. Kennedy with the Space Program The Space Program would be introduced in 1946, not as NASA entirely its ancestor NACA. time they have been preparing themselves for space, they constructed with planes and aerodynamics. When Sputnik 1 was launched by the U. S. S. R a strike of fear and lack of knowledge devoured the United States especially the government. In order to retaliate, they devoted their studies and raise science and math subjects in order to redeem themselves from this feat.On July 28, 1958, President Eisenhower signed the National Aeronautics and Space Act, which established NASA from there. NASA did not only evolve from its ancestor, but it absorbed everything from it. NASA took over and started its own missions on October 1st of the same year. When President Kennedy beat Eisenhowers famous Nixon, he did his best to prove he was honorable of being U. S. As President. He worked with domestic and foreign affairs before heading into the Space Race. He knew the people of the United States needed to have the same confidence they once had before Sputnik 1 was launched.In order for this to occur, he went to Houston, Texas on September 12, 1962 to address the nation, that the Space Race must continue but needs the help of the government to help pay for the program (Logsdon). Before announcing this, on February 20, 1962 John Glenn was the first man to be launched and orbit around t he farmings atmosphere. This is what sparked the hope of the Space Exploration to continue. With President Kennedys power of words and the hope NASA has instilled into the peoples hearts, it seemed anything was possible.Even through Kennedys assassination, the Space Program continued its works to accomplish Kennedys dream of landing on the moon. 4. Kennedys Assassination and the Moon It was 1230 Friday afternoon, on November 22, 1963, in Dealey Plaza, Texas when foursome gunshots were heard across the globe. Kennedy was fatally shot and died the same day, he was assassinated and although it may have said Lee Harvey Oswald was responsible for Kennedys death, it is still a conspiracy on whether he did it and if he did if there were other people involved.This case is still an unraveled mystery which hasnt been solved ever since. Kennedys death shocked the globe but that didnt stop NASA from reaching the moon. His death may have been very mournful, but NASA was devoted into finishing this last suffer Kennedy sent them out to do and that was to reach the moon. Some years later on July 20, 1969, the Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Buzz Aldrin accomplished the amazing feat of being the first and only men to land on the moon. III. ConclusionJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy was a remarkable man capable of reaching the impossible. One of the youngest Presidents ever, and had the mind of the wisest. Without his leadership and devotion of accomplishing the race to the moon, we wouldnt have had the same spark of hope as we do today. His actions have led us to a new age, one that will forever be remembered. Although the Space Race has led us far, we havent had the time and money to go back to the Moon. Mr. Kennedy is the hope of all dreams. He is the moon and will forever be walking on it, while he waits for our return.Works Cited Baughman, Judith, Victor Bondi, Richard Layman, Tandy McConnell, and Vincent Tompkins. American Decades. Gale Cengage Learni ng, 1 Jan. 1998. Web. 16 Dec. 1998 Kennedy, John F. We Choose to go to the Moon. John F. Kennedy presidential Library and Museum, 12 Sept. 1962 Web. 7 Mar. 2012. Logsdon, John M. John F. Kennedy and the Race to the Moon New York Palgrave MacMillan, 2010.

Energy Self Sufficiency Leading To Carbon Credits Environmental Sciences Essay

Carbon credits argon tradable license strategies in obligingness with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change overly c in alled as UNFCC.This schems gives the h superannuateder a right to advancement of one equivalent of metric net ton of C dioxide. They provide a utensil which efficaciously reduces the babys room gas emanations and therefore leting to gain by dint of the emanation decrease. In folksy countries, India has colossal ascendency to gain emanation allowances through and through the proviso of domestic sinew which is replacing based. They overly curb fuel switching touch offuriencys like solar cookers, biogas, solar cells and chullahs which are smoke freeThis heap proposes a general mathematical theory-based count that assesses the economical viability and potency of CDM Programme Matic a.k.a the Clean Development appliance which is developed on biogas toil for zippo at families to supply autonomy in rural part of India. statistical analysis necessitate been used to rank the design variables. The research survey theoretical business relationship is based on 10 fine towns in Jhunjhunu, a territory of Rajasthan, India covering a macrocosm of about 31,000 people. The collected for the research intent is secondary informations. This theoretical account is applicable to all low-toned towns in India. It is possible to cipher the figure programmatic CDM is based on the kinfolk system of the biogas set about.Kyoto Protocol was adoptive in Kyoto, Japan, December 11, 1997 and entered into force February 16, 2005. 180 states have ratified to day of the month. It aims to cut down nursery gas emanations by 5.2 % compared to 1990 degrees during the five old ages 2008-2012. Developed states are classified in Annex 1-countries and is bouncing by the Protocol, while developing states classified as non-Annex 1-countries that have ratified the Protocol are non rec oil color lawfully by the extension.The Kyoto Protocol pr ovides three mechanisms enounce execution ( JI ) ,Clean Development instrument ( CDM ) andThe International Emissions Trading ( IET ) .In conformity with the CDM, Annex 1 states can run into their decrease label by implementationof emanation decrease undertakings in developing states under non-Annex 1. A CER ( certified emanation decreases ) is issued by the Board of CDM undertakings in developing states which is a certification that certifies emanations have been reducedby one metric ton of C equivalentinternal-di-oxide every class. Annex 1 states buy these CERs to run into their mark of emanation decrease.Under the Joint Implementation ( JI ) , an supplement, a party may implement a undertaking that enhances remotions from sinks in former(a) states or canimplement projectsto cut down emanation in an different(a) states. ERUs ( emanation decrease units ) can be used to accomplish these aims.Harmonizing to the International Emissions Trading Scheme ( EIT ) mechanism, states can merchandise their extra credits on the international market for C credits to states with committednesss to quantify restriction of emanation and decrease of emanation as per the Kyoto Protocol.India is considered one of the biggest makees of C trading among the developing states, through the execution Clean Development Mechanism ( CDM ) ._2. Methodology2.1. BackgroundGlobal thawing is due to greenhouse gases ( GHGs ) that are captured in the ambiance. The tabular array shows the planetary heating ( GW ) of gas potency. babys room gas emanations are government agencyful C di-oxide, methane, azotic oxide, hydroflourocarbons, perflourocarbons and sulphur hexaflouride.CERs awarded = Tons of GHG reduced X GW potency of the gas( metric dozenss of C ) aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa ( 1 )Table 1 Global heating potency of gasesCDM undertakings are intended to be a lever for sustainable development 1, 2 . The issuings of the CDM undertaking has beendirected to sustainable development standard s of the host state. Clearance of the interior(a) CDM Authority sustainability in India is spearheaded by the Union environs and Forests. The basic rules of sustainable development, economic prosperity, environmental well universe and prosperity of the engineering.Reporting Program under the CDM is a new attack to the development of CDM undertakings registered with UNFCCC in a curriculum of Action ( plan activities ) . This action is uncoerced and a public private entity coordinates it, This consists of an CDM undertaking activities ( CPA ) which are unlimited in figure. An Action Plan can be constituted either by big or little CPA CPA. for each one undertakings under the Programme of Action must hold an implementing entity approved by the host DNA ( Designated National Authority ) .The plan activities of the crest of exchange declaration is limited to steps or enterprises in which activities that amaze nursery gas decrease and the evidences of emanations can be identified a nd verified more clearly. Therefore, a indemnity that would extinguish fossil fuels or implementing a national cap and trade is non frequently considered a bill of exchange plan unless the actions applied are non identifiable clearly as attributable measuring and confirmable ex station 3 . The nucleus appears as a CDM Program isThey are the consequence of a mensurable plan that is either working in the public arena or private sector enterprise.Plan consequences in a broad scope of disparate activities that have benn introduced by the plan and provide non go on, but for following the plan.Actions that cut down nursery gases do non needfully happen at the same time.Type, size and timing of actions to cut down emanations caused by the plan might be unheard-of during the clip of undertaking enrollment.2.2. ExecutionThe orderological analysis of execution of the research is shown in Figure 1 The method involved the executing of the undermentioned stages2.2.1. Survey 1The resear ch is based on the informations collected via the secondary beginnings which involves the see and survey of bing energy beginnings and energy demands across Pilani and the undersized towns nearby in its first phase.2.2.1.1. Choice of small townsThe secondary informations Si via the 10 small towns studies conducted covering the territory of Jhunjhunu in Rajasthan, India. The choice of small towns was had a sample infinite which wasdiverse in nature and took the undermentioned factors into historyContext of people in economic footingsVillage occupantsBackgroundBased on the parametric quantities, 10 small towns near the urban center Jhunjhunu territory, Rajasthan, India were selected.DhandarJherliKaziKulhariyon ka BaazLikhowaNaurangpuraNuhandRailaBaasThirpali.Figure 1 Methodology of Execution2.2.2.Study of UNFCCC methodological analysissClean Development Mechanism ( CDM ) , the methods of little under the UNFCCC relevant in the small towns above the selected energy industries ( rene wable and nonrenewablein sector-1, waste direction and disposal in sector-15, agribusiness ( sector-13 ) and have been detailed.2.2.3. Choice of family based biogas workssBiogas has been ground the best solution for the demand of rural India s turning energy and supply of energy is deficient. Biogas workss have the great possible to do money from C credits and from all other solutions that are possible such as solar, air current, etc.2.2.4.Survey 2Survey-2 was through with(p) in the small towns themselves Survey-1. This survey includes an judgement of the parametric quantities of economic viability and feasibleness of Programmatic CDM is based on the biogas undertaking.2.2.5. Development of generalized mathematical theoretical accountOn the observations and analysis of the Survey-2 A a mathematical theoretical account was formulated which was general in nature. This was done to measure the economic viability of a CDM plan Matic family biogas undertaking in operation.3. Consequen ces and Discussions3.1. Research Surveys3.1.1. Survey 1The the first was done with the end and the visit was to reexamine the beginnings of energy presently used and energy demands of the villagers. The parametric quantities that were calculated through the first study wereMain fuel for cookery.The mean fuel ingestion per xxiv hours.The mean hold travelled by each 24 hours to acquire fuel for cookery.Entree to hours of electricity a twenty-four hours.Plants of family electricity ingestion and day-to-day energy.3.1.2. Survey 2Biogas should be pin down up to back up programmatic CDM undertaking. Estimated parametric quantities in the 2nd survey wereW A Will to confide in a biogas works. the assessment was done on a graduated table of 1-10 on the footing of a questionnaire.C sack appeal per twenty-four hours per family in the INR.P Appraisal on a graduated table of 1-5 of a Prior cognition of biogas workssE -The ratio of the energy required for readying of family and the h ousehold members.A Income per class per family in the INR.N Cattles owned by each familyThe mentioned standards are decisive for a biogas palnt undertaking execution.3.2. ObservationsThe Figure2 shows the consequence for Dhandar small town for the reading of informations collected via secondary study.Figure 2 The parametric quantities of observation in the Dhandar small town.Figure 2-a The parametric quantity W go forthingness to displace, is being rated on the graduated table of 1-10 forthe set of observations from the small town.Figure 2-b The parametric quantity C hail of fuel, is being calculated for each household forthe set of observations from the small town.Figure 2-c The parametric quantity A income per twelvemonth per household ( in INR in 1000s ) , is beingcalculated for each household for the set of observations from the small town.Figure 2-d The parametric quantity E energy required by each household, is being calculated for eachhousehold for the set of observ ations from the small town.Figure 2-e The parametric quantity N cowss owned by each family, is being calculated for eachhousehold for the set of observations from the small town.Figure 2-f The parametric quantity P subsequent cognition of the biogas works, is being rated onthe graduated table of 1-5 for the set of observations from the small town.On the similar evidences, the information was collected for the other nine small towns and analysis was done.3.3. Description of mathematical theoretical accountThe footing of information gathered in the survey-2, a numerical theoretical account was formulated with 1 employee, and five independent variables 4 . The approachability of investment-W is the dependent variable and independent parametric quantities, the figure of cowss per household-N, the one-year income, anterior cognition of biogas workss, energy PE demand, the financial value of fuel-C are independent variables.W = degree Fahrenheit ( A, P, C, E, N ) aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaa . ( 2 )W = 0.189 x ln ( A ) 2 + 1.216 + 0.541P + 0.287 ten e0.178C + 0.134 x ( 0.312 x E2 + 1.147 x E )+ 0.201 ten ln ( 2.916 x N ) aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa ( 3 )Where,W A Will to put in a biogas works. the appraisal was done on a graduated table of 1-10 on the footing of a questionnaire.C burn down salute per twenty-four hours per family in the INR.P Appraisal on a graduated table of 1-5 of a Prior cognition of biogas workssE -The ratio of the energy required for readying of family and the household members.A Income per twelvemonth per family in the INR.N Cattles owned by each familyBenchmark sizes for household-based biogas leaf in India, 1m3, 2m3, 3m3 and 4m3 severally. But took the on the whole accepted 3m3 DeenBandhu fixed dome biogas works theoretical account, which has sold more units in India. His power is sufficient to run into basic energy demands of the kitchen for a household in India.Co-relation between the size and has pull in the enfranchisement Ce rtified 1.26 per three-dimensional metre in the figure of fixed dome type biogas works. This is calculated utilizing the UNFCCC, small-scale methodological analysis AMS-III.R 5 applies to the territory Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India.3.4. Model applicationThe map gives the value of willingness to put in a family biogas works, which lies in the scope of 1 to 10. With this value, it is possible to gauge the figure of old ages the biogas works should be sustained to do the undertaking economically executable. The theoretical account application is as followsFor a unpaired family the willingness to put calculated from the proposed mathematical theoretical account is- K where K is an whole number from 1-10.The cost of a 3m3 Deenbandhu biogas works is INR 11,000 ( including installing cost ) .The figure of CERs ( Certified Emission Reductions ) per biogas works of size 3cum is 3.48 5 .3.5. Sensitivity AnalysisThe order parametric quantity scope for each parametric quantity was calculat ed utilizing Eq. 4.aaaaaaaaaaaaaa.. ( 4 )__This rank order parametric quantity indicates whether we are negociating validating important extra costs for big negative or little positive extra additive costs for little extra negative 6 .The sensitiveness analysis on the map it was found that energy demand has been puting the highest rank of the parametric quantity ( Fig. 3 ) . Parameters such as fuel cost and anterior cognition was besides important. Parameters, viz. the figure of cowss and the mean monthly income is less dominant than other parametric quantities known in progress, the pecuniary value of fuel and energy demands.Calculations for a sample family in rural India with the following parametric quantitiesAnnual Income = INR 13200Cpst of fuel per twenty-four hours = INR 7Number of Cattle = 2Prior cognition of Biogas workss = 3.5Energy Needs = 6From the mathematical theoretical account, the willingness to put is calculated to be, k = 6.99.Therefore the figure of old ages, the works should be sustainable = 2.81 old ages.Sum of money compensable by the husbandman ( R/10 ) x 11000.Accessory cost per biogas works including CDM enrollment cost, vigour confirmation cost, care cost is assured to be 20 % of each biogas works cost.Effective cost of each biogas works = INR 13200.Sum of money to be got from C credits = ( 10-k ) x 13200 /10The monetary value of CERs = 10USD = INR 447.4The figure of old ages the biogas works should be sustained= ( 10 Roentgen ) x 13200 / 10 x 447.2 x3.48 Figure 3 Senstivity AnalysisWillingness to put in a biogas worksInvesting will depend on the parametric quantities of one-year income, preliminary informations, the cost of fuel, it needs energy and the figure of vivify beings. While the rural population in India will hold an acute energy crisis, the willingness to put in renewable energy such as biogas is important. They are easy to raw cow droppings, and proficient back up expertness to run the staff of families in b iogas workss. This besides saves the cost of procurance of fuel per twenty-four hours as wood, coal, kerosine, etc.Unlike community biogas works, which will confront many obstructions for the installing and the production of biogas can be used in personal considerations of the household.The preparedness to put ( W ) in biogas depends on the undermentioned parametric quantitiesEnergy demands Energy demands is the most dominant factor in the willingness to put in biogas workss in rural India. Energy needs is considered straight relative to the figure of people at place that is about 6 in rural India. electricity supply in most parts of rural India is limited to 6-8 hours per twenty-four hours. The current energy beginnings are deficient to run into turning energy demands of rural India. Hence the longing invest in a biogas works which serves as an first-class alternate beginning of energy is truly high.Cost of fuel The cost of fuel is besides a cardinal variable in the willingness t o put in biogas workss in rural India. Due to miss of power and the turning energy demands, alternate energy beginnings such as kerosine, coal and wood became expensive. Spend a important part of their limited income on fuel markets is earnestly impacting the quality of life of rural India. When the fuel cost becomes a dominant parametric quantity willingness to put in a biogas works.Anterior Knowledge Prior cognition of the biogas works is besides a dominant variable in the willingness of invest.The anterior cognition was assessed on the footing of a questionnaire on a graduated table of 1 to 5 The deficiency of anterior cognition was a major(ip) obstruction in the spread of biogas workss in rural India. Therefore, prior cognition has a important part in the will put.Annual Income The mean one-year income of rural India is low compared to their urban India. Consequently, the rural multitudes are non able to exchange to more expensive beginnings of energy such as LPG ( liquefied cru de oil gas ) . The sum to be invested in the biogas works is low-cost for the rural multitudes and carnal fecal matters admission demands is available at a nominal cost. Therefore the part of the twelvemonth grosss for the constitution of the will to put is non important. If the income from C credits is included, the importance of one-year income to cut down farther.Number of cowss India has 289 million cowss 7 , and as a consequence of cow droppings are widely available and a nominal monetary value. As a consequence, fewer cows does non impact the handiness of household to put significantly.3.6. Mistake AnalysisValuess predicted by the theoretical account mistake is about 10 % ( Figure 4 ) . This suggests that the theoretical account is oftentimes more accurate. There are five sets of informations that is outside this border of mistake of 10 % . These are the ergodic mistakes due to defective observations.Figure 4 Mistake Analysisaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa ( 5 )The standard divergenc e ( SD ) is calculated by the undermentioned expression,aaaaaaaaaaaaa ( 6 )The mean per centum mistake is 0.17468341 and the standard divergence is 0.076910884. DecisionThis theoretical account can be applied to all small towns in India, to cipher the figure of old ages, families programmatic CDM undertaking based on the biogas must be maintained so that the returns from the sale of C accumulated by the undertaking makes the undertaking economically feasible.The parametric quantities used to cipher the willingness to put in biogas can be obtained straight from the Census of India.The proviso of agencies to put in biogas workss to run into turning energy demands of small towns in Jhunjhunu territory, Rajasthan, India, is high. The mean value of 6.64 is ready to put in a graduated table of 1 to 10.So that the willingness to put average = 6.64, for many old ages, the biogas works would be to accomplish sustainable profitableness = 3.14 old ages.Demand for energy is the most dominant fa ctor in the willingness to put in a biogas works. It besides means that rural India is presently confronting a immense energy shortage.Cost of fuel and knows the significance through Before the willingness to put in a biogas works.The one-year figure of cowss and is comparatively less with regard to the willingness to put. trump on fuel nest eggs through the permutation of biogas is non taken into history. If this sum is included, the biogas works undertaking on the family becomes more economically advantageous.

John Marshall

John marshal, whose near far-famed political role of brain Justice of the United States, played a major role in defining the American legal system, he was also known as one of the best heading Justices that ever lived. For 34 geezerhood as Chief Justice, Marshall made square contributions to the development of the U. S. geological formation through his high profile Supreme coquet cases, such as Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, Cohens v. Virginia, and Gibbons v. Ogden. These Supreme greet cases and others were approaches to help bring more federal structure to the U. S. Constitution.Marshalls thirst for political familiarity at an early age, his contribution the legal system, and dedication to political reform make him one of the most influential figures in American history. Early Life John Marshall, one of fifteen children, was born on September 24, 1755 in a log cabin in rural Germantown, Virgina. His parents were Thomas and Mary Marshall, who had significant s tatus among the citizens of Germantown. Although Marshalls parents were not formally educated, they ensured their children had a good, quality education. Marshall was homeschooled and often supplemented his breeding from books in George majuscules library.Marshalls father and George Washington worked together as surveyors and became finishing friends. Washington would later become one of Marshalls superlative heroes. Desiring their son to become a practice of lawyer, Thomas and Mary sent Marshall to William and Mary College where he spent several weeks listening to George Wythes lectures on law, which was Marshalls only means of formal education. At the age of 25, Marshall left wing William and Mary College and pursued a lawyers position in Germantown, where he later met and espouse his wife of 49 years, Mary Willis Ambler. Together, they had ten children, with only six living to see adulthood (McGill, 2005).Chief Justice Chief Justice John Marshall served in the Supreme gre et from 1801-1835. He was the fourth Chief Justice appointed by President John Adams (Smith, 1996). Marshall was known as one of the greatest chief justices in judicial history. While head of court, Marshall helped establish foundations for the Supreme Court and the constitutional supremacy. Alexander M. Bickel, a sophisticated, constitutional scholar stated that John Marshall was one of the greatest justices due to his decision in the Marbury v. Madison case. Although Marshall is known for many other cases throughout judicial history, including McCulloch v.Maryland, Cohens v. Virginia, and Gibbons v. Ogde, the high profile case, Marbury v. Madison, became one of Marshalls most significant cases and one that complete him as one of the greatest supreme court justices who ever lived (Wood, 1997). Marbury V. Madison In Marbury V. Madison, Marshall worked the workbenchs claim to apply the law of the constitution exactly the way that courts interpret common law and statues in their r ole of legal disputes. Marshall was instrumental in laying down the foundation for the find of the court. Their goal was to make the Judiciary as one of the top three capital powers of the government.Marshall stated that the constitution was a rule for the government of courts, as well as of his legislature. As he made the issue known, judges could not ignore it. They were duty bound to enforce it by disallowing laws unsavoury to the constitution. At the time, many Americans had no trouble thinking of constitutions as law but not the phase of law that would be operated in the court system, but John Marshall stated towards the court system, by applying his methods of statutory interpretation to the constitution, he legalized it. He made it amenable to routine exposition and makes it happen.Marshall knew the Judiciary system would always be one of the weakest branches its effectiveness depended on gaining the agreements of the legislative, executive branches, and of the people. Th e power that the Supreme Court would enjoy is the ability to persuade the people. Marshall was perfect for the job, and he greatly enhanced that power by his ability of persuasions. The Americans didnt know anything about the constitution, but Marshall enhanced the intimacy pertaining to the constitution (Hobson, 2002). It is no doubt that John Marshall has made tremendous contributions to the judicial system.His thirst for friendship at a young age and his political leadership has provided significant contributions to political society. It has been over two-hundred years since Marshalls appointment however, the Supreme Court still continues to honor him and his works. Marshall left a legacy that will be admired and written about by political generations to come. Through his works, Marshall helped define our country to what it is today as supported by political author, Jean Edward Smith who stated, if George Washington found the country, John Marshall defined it (Smith, 1996).

Huck Finn Comparison Essay

Justin Esteves 1/18/12 Puddnhead Wilson and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Comparison Essay There be some(prenominal) differences that are evident between Puddnhead Wilson and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. One of the major differences between the two books is the characters that are twisty in the stories. They have different personalities and react differently to different situations.The twins in Puddnhead Wilson are young men from noble descent from Italy who left their country. They are smooth talking, but really acceptt lie about a situation. However the Duke and King in Huckleberry Finn aim to trick peck in different towns by selling the people tickets to a show that never existed. In cardinal instance a man dies and they pretend to be related to him so they can get his inheritance. The ages of the principal(prenominal) characters are different as Huck is a boy while the characters in the other invoice are adults.In Puddnhead Wilson it is said not to have a spe cific plot line, but in Huck Finn the story follows the classic plot line scheme. There are many similarities between the two stories. One of them is that the compasss are very much the same as they some(prenominal) take place on the Mississippi River. Actually when I was reading Huck Finn, I couldnt get the picture of the setting of Puddnhead out of my head. Another similarity is that the twins and the King and Duke are similar characters since they are unneurotic in pairs all the time in the book.The final similarity is the involvement of death in both books. The whole story of Puddnhead is based around a murder. In Huck Finn, Huck makes it locution like he was killed to escape from Pap and the town. After Mr. Wilks death, the Duke and the King go after the money in his will. Another death in Huck Finn was Pap who was found dead in a stick out during a flood. Overall The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a lot better than Puddnhead Wilson.After reading several reviews more re aders want Huck Finn and some people really disliked Puddnhead Wilson. Both books were about life on the Mississippi River from a long time ago. It was interesting to see how people lived in that period of time. unconstipated though the stories took place many years ago, there are many similarities between the people from hence to instanter as to how they treat each other. People were the same then as they are now and have the same outlook on life. The books and life follow Mark Twains quote, The goddamned human race.

Albert Maslow Essay

Albert Maslow ceaselessly wondered what motivated people, he wanted to how or what motivated a person. He believe people were not just motivated by reward, but believed it was a motivation system. Maslow has mentioned that people were motivated to reach a need, when they reached that need they would start on reaching the attached and then the next. Albert Maslow was a humanistic psychologist in 1943 wrote his newspaper publisher titled A THEORY OF HUMAN MOTIVATION (Maslow A. H., 2010). His supposition of human behavior is a pecking order of unavoidably. Maslow theory of people motivation, he believed there were five plays of motivational ask and each needed to be completed to get to the next stage of need. The pyramid was not originally used by Maslow to key out his theory of the five stages, but they argon used in text books to give a optic description of the levels the hierarchy of needs.Maslow challenged our basic physiological needs to survive is water, food, sleep an d air this is what he believed were the to the highest degree important in his five stages hierarchy of needs and the other stages would fail and not proceed without the basic needs of water, food, sleep and air. Physiological stage would be at the bottom of his theory the bottom of the pyramid. at a time Maslow physiological needs were satisfied, you can proceed to the next stage of need. Maslow believed security, financial, shelter, and your well-being were necessary to proceed to the next stage. condom is the next stage in Maslow hierarchy on the pyramid above physiological need. Safety needs are physical safety after a natural disaster, child abuse. Even go out people may film like a stress disorder. Financial crisis due to lack of resolve or job security. Maslow believed this was a level more for children as they need the greater need of feeling safe. The next stage is social, this stage is belonging and being loved.Maslow believes this need is less basic then he stated for physiological. Social need of feeling love is related to relationship could be a sentimentalist with a partner, a friendship, and most of all families love. Also involves religious and community group, social need is above safety on the pyramid. Esteem is the fourth stage of Maslows hierarchy of needs, you can reach this stage once the first stages deport been satisfied. Maslow believed people want to be recognize and feel needed. Self-Esteem reflects achievement, reliance and meeted. Esteem is the fourth stage above social on the pyramid. We have reached the fifth stage of the hierarchy of needs, the top of the pyramid is self-actualization.Maslow regain doed the first four staged the deficiency needs, because are from deprivation. The fifth stage was consider by Maslow as the being needs. He describes it as being motivated and the need of growing as a person. Maslow believed that once a person achieved the previous four stages of hierarchy needs, that people had strong motivations to accomplish personal growth.He also believed once a person achieved self-actualization they has less concerns of others opinions. Maslows theory did make sense to me, but there was no real research performed to support this theory. Maslows hierarchy of needs was found to be true by researchers at the University of Illinois. The researchers conduct a study in 2011. They let out that it was true with the basic need people were happy. They also concluded that people felt positive around their lives with just the basic of food, water, money and shelter were not met. After these findings and other studies that have been conducted, Maslows theory was except in the world of psychology. Maslows theory related to motivation, people always have needs and wants.When people need this makes a great motivator. In Maslows hierarchy of needs that I find the most challenging would be safety and security. In todays time people have issue finding the safety and security to satisfy the needs. Even though people may have difficulties with safety and securities they are still motivated for self-actualization. At once other (and higher(prenominal)) needs come out and these, rather than physiological hungers, dominate the organism. And when these in turn are satisfied, again new (and still higher) needs emerge and so on. This is what we mean by saying that the basic human needs are organized into a hierarchy of relative prepotency. (Maslow A. H., 2010 p375)ReferencesMaslow, A. H. (2010, December 23). A Theory of Human Motivation Abraham H Maslow Psychological Review Vol 50 No 4July 1943.pdf. Retrieved June 8, 2014, from Google Docs https//docs.google.com/ send/d/0B-5-JeCa2Z7hNjZlNDNhOTEtMWNkYi00YmFhLWI3YjUtMDEyMDJkZDExNWRm/edit?pli=1 Maslow, A. H. (2010, December 23). A Theory of Human Motivation Abraham H Maslow Psychological Review Vol 50 No 4 July 1943.pdf. Retrieved June 8, 2014, from https//docs.google.com/file/d/0B-5-JeCa2Z7hNjZlNDNhOTEtMWNkYi00YmFhLWI3YjU tM

The Multi-dimensions of Art & Milk

The c at oncept of nontextual matter has been an ever changing forefront of movements, development, evolution and a pending role model of how the kind race has delved into contrary realms of expression and exploration into their surrounding environment. There are varying theories as to the worth of guile, pop art in particular and its legacy to the human race or, all art in general may be examined through with(predicate) critical eyes and scram up the equivalent header presented in such scrutiny. The single-valued function of this paper will be to examine the worth of The Milk estimate and how it aids in examining people and harvest-feasts in their e rattlingday life.There has been much debate as to the purpose of in Oscar Wildes renowned quote he learns, All art is completely useless and while this may be the persona in fact, since art does not serve some rudimentary purpose in propelling the human race forward into any evolutionary or basal states, art must be salu teed from a unlike angle. The theorists Dick Higgins states that,Pop Art? How could it play a part in the art of the future? It is bland. It is pure. It uses elements of green life without comment, and so, by accepting the misery of this life and its aridity so mutely, it cond hotshots them. Pop and op are both(prenominal) dead, however, because they confine themselves, through the media which they employ, to the older functions of art, of decorating and suggesting grandeur, whatever the detailed content of their artists suggestions (Higgins 49).Thus, with this definition of the goal of art through the lack of evolution it is willing to play in progressing forward into a overbold age of media a viewer may rightly surmise that the endeavors of the Milkproject are far more(prenominal) revolutionary than any other artistic movement organism designed in this century. It is with the inclusion body of technology and the approach of applying the common life with something integral to the world such as milk and how and where it travels that this project will have a lasting impression in the art world.It is through diversity of art and the inclusion of different medias into a conglomeration art project that the Milkproject is commensurate to transcend the usual boundaries of art and to delve into something more important, more human. The project used photographs, sound recordings and live models and life to portray the transportation of milk from a farm into the houses of the general populace. The integration coalesce in this expedition is what beckons Higgins to recollect the diversity of Duchamp in his possible action and to state that it is only through this mixture and inclusion of media that art is able to evolve, and evolve it does with the Milkproject.The true brilliance of the Milkproject is that is it interactive with the interview as well as the participants. The beauty of the project is that is focuses on something common in every unrivaleds live s so that everyone has a basis for an interest in the project. As this paper has previously quoted art seems useless from the dowdy baroque pieces to the overly large pop art media pieces, there seems to be no real connection amid the lay person and art.With the Milkproject this foreignness is bypassed as milk is the main instalment in the art, and the reactions of people to milk, its journey and cover is all a part of the final project. In Kaprows article Happenings in the unexampled York Scene he describes how Happenings is an interactive based art experience, You come in as a spectator and maybe you discover youre caught in it after all as you push things around deal so much furniture (Kaprow 84). This same process of being involved in the Milkproject despite not being the artist of the muse, is what propels the fundamental interest of the viewer.The idea behind the Milkproject as an artistic expression is only narrow downd as such by the intermingled use of photography and voice. This is wherefore the project is such an important piece because in most art pieces, the movement is static, the flowers remain the same through time, provided with the human voice and the interaction of the product with the listening, the viewer or participant is able to relate on a more humanistic level with the project and so transform it from a Happening into a thing of real life consequence from the farm and whatever happens with the farm (financially, weather-wise, etc) to the rim of the consumer. Thus, the Milkproject transcends Kaprows Happening as he defines it,Happenings are events that, put simply, happen. Though the best of them have a decided impactthat is, we feel, here is something importantthey appear to go nowhere and do not make any particular literary point. In contrast to the arts of the past, they have no structured beginning, substance or end. Their form is open-ended and fluid nothing obvious is sought and therefore nothing is won, leave out the certainty of a number of occurrences to which we are more than normally attentive. They exist for a single performance, or only a few, and are gone forever as new ones take their place. (Kaprow 85).Thus, the Milkproject is not so clearly defined as art that has no structured beginning, middle or end (Kaprow 85) but rather to the extent of the milks journey from teet to mouth of the consumer is found these three parts excepting in the idea that the project itself is a continuation of the milks journey transform by the project into art.It is now clear that the Milkproject is a transformable art. Thus, the art behind the project is not limited to the process of the milk traveling but extends to the reactions of the farmers and the consumer as is proven with the voice recorded tapes. The audience in bend at the battle array becomes part of this process as well, which makes the integrated media of the Milkproject evolutionary in its concept. This concept of mixed media and the extensi on of art into the audience is portrayed in Aarseths theory on literature,Where this new registration might prove to be a radical departure is in the way we shall use it to define textually independent of its traditional associates, the reader/receiver/audience and writer/sender/author. This move, which might be seen as self-defenseA text is not what we may read out of it, nor is it identical with what someone once wrote into it. It is something more, a potential that can be realized only partially and only through its leger (Aarseth 59).One must merely substitute the word literature and text with art and this passage clearly defines the purpose and impact of the Milkproject.Another interesting dynamic to the Milkproject is its use of the narrative. As was mentioned with Higgins, art does not transcend itself often that is to say that art does not cross from a painting into a sculpture, and that is why media is such an important animal for this new era of art. Most art does not sp eak for itself, does not lend the viewer with a cemented impression or underlying theory to its own existence as was illustrated in Kabrows Happenings. With the inclusion of a running narrative in the Milkproject, a new dimension of art is being presented and very well incorporated into the integrity of the project.The inclusion of a narrative is not the only aspect of the sensory faculty of the Milkproject but the way in which it is included is what makes the narrative a work of art. The narrative is typically intellection of as a story telling device through literature. In the dynamic of the Milkproject the narrative becomes a palpable part of the exhibition in that it is presented not through written words but electronic devices and thus remaking the project a part of a long lasting tradition of literal story telling, something the native Americans of other cultures pass on stories from generation to generation (de Certeau 95). It is with this oral tradition being included in the project that a sense of human identity and connectedness from the Netherlands to America and pass on can be appreciated, as Landow expresses of the narrative and technology,Electronic textuality brings with it many changes, but not all concern loss, as so many critics of culture seem to believe. Lyotard, for instance, claims that the new information technologies produce effects much like the journalists rewritingbut the evidence of hypertext works thus far take a leakd, both instructional and literary, suggests that on the contrary electronic linking graphs idiosyncrasy and personal association in particularly liberating ways.He grounds his stir up on the doubtful claim which hypertext linking would seem to contradict, that the new technologies submit to exact calculation every schedule on whatever support visual and sound images, speech, musical lines, and finally writing itself, and he argues that the illustrious result of this is not, as Baudrillard thinks, the constitut ion of an immense network of simulacra but rather the great importance put on by the concept of the bit, the unit of information (Landow 32).The importance then of the inclusion of the narrative through a technological device then is proven to be a necessary part in the Milkproject not only in a traditional art sense but in a ethnic sense as it propels the human story forward by the means of the human ingenuity through the bit, through oral tradition by way of a story that is significant to the human race, and its publication a farmers milk into the mouths of the consumer, is something that will always be of importance because of its nutrition as well as this projects ability to show that the world, the economy, cultures, are working in a globalizing fashion to sustain human life in all parts of the earth, thus art imitates personality (Guattari & Deleuze 2).The Milkproject extends the visual world and enters the verbal world so that the audience may better understand the subst ance of the work. The emphasis of the verbal, or oral storytelling in this project is what makes the project all that much more human. The capital punishment of the digital voice recordings along side the still motion shots taken from video footage is what humanizes the project and for the audience its what makes the project real, and strikes a cord of commonality, thus, not only is the audience member intrigued because of the element of milk, a product used by a large portion of the worlds population but similarly the voiced concerns of the farmers and consumers are juxtaposed with the audience reactions as de Certeau states ,We could moreover extend this problematic to the relations between the act of writing and the written text, and even transpose it to the relationships between the hand and the finished painting. AT outset isolated in the area of verbal communication, the speech act turns out to find only one of its applications there, and its linguistic modality is merely t he first determination of a much more general banknote between the forms used in a system and the ways of using this system, that is, between two different worlds, since the same things are considered from two opposite formal viewpoints (de Certeau 98).Thus, the use of the narrative becomes a part of the exhibition in an intrinsic fashion.The focus of this paper has been on the inclusion of several styles of art in one artistic piece, the Milkproject. Through the use of verbal narrative, mixed media, photographs, technology, and video the artists of this project have been able to create a Happening which goes beyond the open-ended suggestion of Kabrow and into a story which develops through the journey of milk from udder to consumer across continents.The use of GPS in this project was also a major player in extending the static components of art being non-transcendental (i.e. paintings cant be sculptures and vice versa) and allows the project to be multi-dimensional and thus long l asting. However, the stroke of genius in the Milkproject is the inclusion of various media in order to engage the audience in the reality of the milks journey.It is with this final statement of the project that the purpose of the project becomes presumable the audiences interaction, and reaction to the project is a part of the project if not the main purpose. Thus, the journey of the milk does not end with the consumer but carries on into the audience and this is what allows the Milkproject to not be a moribund art form but an interactive exhibition whose genius rests with the reality that the journeys appointment hinges upon the viewer. Thus, the journey of milk is found in its end with the art viewer.Work CitedAarseth, E. Nonlinearity and Literary Theory. Hyper/Text/Theory Landow, George P. (Ed) Baltimore & capital of the United Kingdom John Hopkins University Press, 1994 excerpts 51-86Burroughs, W. The Cut-Up Method of Brion Gysin. The New Media Reader Nick Monfort and Noah Wa rdrip-Fruin (Eds) Cambridge, Mass. MIT Press 2003 83 88.De Certeau, M. Walking in the City. The Practice of Everyday Life. Berkley. UniversityOf California Press. 1988.Deleuze, G. and Guattari, F. Rhizome. in A Thousand Plateaus Minneapolis and London Minnesota UP, 1987 excerpts 2-25Higgins, Dick. Intermedia. Leonardo 341 49-54Kaprow, Allan. 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